A vehicle includes an engine air intake having a humidity sensor, and a system having a nozzle positioned in the air intake and fluidly connected to a reservoir. The vehicle has a controller configured to activate the system to deliver fluid from the nozzle into the intake while the engine is inoperative and generate a diagnostic code in response to a change in humidity measured by the sensor being less than a threshold value. A method of controlling a vehicle includes measuring a baseline humidity (H1) using a humidity sensor in an air intake of an engine, and controlling a misting system to mist fluid from a reservoir into the air intake and adjacent to the humidity sensor while the engine is inoperative. The method measures a post-fluid delivery humidity (H2) using the humidity sensor, and generates a diagnostic code based on a comparison of H1 and H2.

A device to supply an internal combustion engine with water comprising one single tank of an exhaust system provided with exhaust gas after-treatment; the tank is divided, on the inside, into a first powder urea storage area and a second water collecting area, and wherein the powder urea and the water are mixed inside the tank so as to obtain a water solution of urea with a variable concentration, the device comprises at least one second electromagnetic injector, which is designed to inject water into the internal combustion engine, and a second pumping device, which is drowned inside the tank and draws from the second water collecting area in order to supply water under pressure to said at least one second electromagnetic injector.

A fuel heater and vaporizing system comprising an engine; a source of fuel coupled to the engine through a fuel supply line; multiple stages of thermal sources thermally coupled to the fuel supply line between the source of fuel and the engine, wherein the multiple stages of thermal sources are configured to heat the fuel; at least one catalyst system configured to supply a source of ions and H.sub.2 coupled to the fuel supply, and a sustainable water injection sub-system coupled to the engine, the sustainable water injection sub-system configured to inject water vapor into the engine.

A method and a device for open- or closed-loop control of an amount of water mixed with a fuel is provided. A fuel supply is split into a first branch having a Venturi pipe with a vacuum connection and a second branch having a blocking valve. Water is supplied to the Venturi pipe vacuum connection, and the fuel-water mixture in the first branch and the fuel in the second branch is supplied to the fuel pump. Open-loop or closed-loop control is provided by either reducing fuel flow in the second branch with the stop valve such that the fuel flow in the first branch increases, increasing the amount of water mixed in the fuel at the Venturi pipe, or increasing fuel flow in the second branch such that first branch fuel flow decreases, decreasing the amount of water mixed in the fuel at the Venturi pipe.

An intercooler may include an air-outlet tank, a condensate collector for collecting condensate separated off the intercooler, and a condensate line connected to the condensate collector via an entrance and that opens out into the air-outlet tank via an exit. There may be a pressure difference between the entrance and the exit of the condensate line during operation of the intercooler, and said pressure difference may allow differential-pressure-induced discharge of condensate from the condensate collector via the condensate line.

A vehicle includes an engine air intake having a humidity sensor, and a system having a nozzle positioned in the air intake and fluidly connected to a reservoir. The vehicle has a controller configured to activate the system to deliver fluid from the nozzle into the intake while the engine is inoperative and generate a diagnostic code in response to a change in humidity measured by the sensor being less than a threshold value. A method of controlling a vehicle includes measuring a baseline humidity (H1) using a humidity sensor in an air intake of an engine, and controlling a misting system to mist fluid from a reservoir into the air intake and adjacent to the humidity sensor while the engine is inoperative. The method measures a post-fluid delivery humidity (H2) using the humidity sensor, and generates a diagnostic code based on a comparison of H1 and H2.

A system and method for generating an improved syngas are disclosed. The system includes a mixing unit, a heat exchanger, an engine and a water gas shift (WGS) reactor. The mixing unit is configured to mix a hydrocarbon fuel, an oxidant, and water to generate a fuel mixture. The heat exchanger is coupled to the mixing unit and configured to receive the fuel mixture and generate a heated fuel mixture. The engine is coupled to the heat exchanger and configured to receive the heated fuel mixture and generate an exhaust syngas. The WGS reactor is coupled to the engine and configured to receive the exhaust syngas and provide a water gas shift reaction of the hydrogen, carbon monoxide and the water vapor in the exhaust syngas to provide a reduction in a level of carbon monoxide in the exhaust syngas and an increase in a level of hydrogen in the exhaust syngas to generate the improved syngas.

An apparatus including a reciprocating internal combustion engine with at least one piston and cylinder set and an intake stream; at least one liquid atomizer in fluid communication with the intake stream operable to provide a plurality of liquid droplets with a diameter less than 5 m to the intake stream; and a controller where the controller is able to adjust an index of compression for the engine by: calculating a wet compression level in response to an engine operating limit and adjusting the at least one liquid atomizer in response to the wet compression level.

An internal combustion engine control apparatus includes a fuel injection apparatus injecting fuel into a combustion chamber a plurality of times during a single cycle, and controls an internal combustion engine that performs compression combustion. The internal combustion engine control apparatus includes an injection command unit and an injection specification determining unit. The injection command unit commands the fuel injection apparatus to perform: a main injection for a main combustion that generates torque; and a preceding injection that is performed at a stage before the main injection. The injection specification determining unit determines a penetration force of a spray produced by the preceding injection or an injection direction of the preceding injection, such that a range of reach of the spray produced by the preceding injection is closer to a nozzle hole of the fuel injection apparatus than a range of reach of a spray produced by the main injection.

An intercooler may include a condensate collector configured to collect condensate precipitated in the intercooler. The condensate collector may be separate from the intercooler and disposed below the intercooler. The condensate collector may include at least one expansion chamber, the at least one expansion chamber arranged above an inlet and an outlet of the condensate collector during operation of the intercooler.