A humid air system (HAS) for reducing NOx emissions of an LPG-powered forklift and other heavy equipment is disclosed. A humid air system (HAS) uses distilled water and heat of exhaust to generate steam, injected at the intake air of the engine to increase humidity and reduce temperature and NOx emission. The system includes a pipe with a coiled-tube insert that is attached to the exhaust. A water pump connected to a solenoid valve supplies distilled water from a container to the exhaust coil, generating steam that is fed to a mixing box at the engine air intake in order to increase intake air humidity. A feedback control system controls the solenoid valve opening to adjust the water flow rate for maintaining humidity level between 90% to saturation.

A humid air system (HAS) for reducing NOx emissions of an LPG-powered forklift and other heavy equipment is disclosed. A humid air system (HAS) uses distilled water and heat of exhaust to generate steam, injected at the intake air of the engine to increase humidity and reduce temperature and NOx emission. The system includes a pipe with a coiled-tube insert that is attached to the exhaust. A water pump connected to a solenoid valve supplies distilled water from a container to the exhaust coil, generating steam that is fed to a mixing box at the engine air intake in order to increase intake air humidity. A feedback control system controls the solenoid valve opening to adjust the water flow rate for maintaining humidity level between 90% to saturation.

A humid air system (HAS) for reducing NOx emissions of an LPG-powered forklift and other heavy equipment is disclosed. A humid air system (HAS) uses distilled water and heat of exhaust to generate steam, injected at the intake air of the engine to increase humidity and reduce temperature and NOx emission. The system includes a pipe with a coiled-tube insert that is attached to the exhaust. A water pump connected to a solenoid valve supplies distilled water from a container to the exhaust coil, generating steam that is fed to a mixing box at the engine air intake in order to increase intake air humidity. A feedback control system controls the solenoid valve opening to adjust the water flow rate for maintaining humidity level between 90% to saturation.

A method for operating a device for injecting water into an internal combustion engine, the device including a water tank for storing water, a pump for conveying the water, the pump being connected to the water tank via a first line, and the pump being operable in a conveying mode and in a back-suction mode, a drive for driving the pump, at least one water injector, which is configured to inject water into an air-conducting line of the internal combustion engine, the water injector being connected to the pump via a second line, the at least one water injector being opened during the operation of the pump in the back-suction mode, in which the water is conveyed in the direction of the water tank, so that air flows into the second line.

A method for operating a device for injecting water into an internal combustion engine, the device including a water tank for storing water, a pump for conveying the water, the pump being connected to the water tank via a first line, and the pump being operable in a conveying mode and in a back-suction mode, a drive for driving the pump, at least one water injector, which is configured to inject water into an air-conducting line of the internal combustion engine, the water injector being connected to the pump via a second line, the at least one water injector being opened during the operation of the pump in the back-suction mode, in which the water is conveyed in the direction of the water tank, so that air flows into the second line.

An inlet system for an internal combustion engine is provided and includes a compressor including a rotor, and an air guide arranged to guide an air flow from an air inlet to at least one cylinder of the engine via the compressor. The inlet system also includes at least two fluid sources, and at least two fluid guiding elements each arranged to guide a fluid from a respective of the fluid sources to the air guide, between the air inlet and an outlet of the compressor, that the fluid guiding elements present a first conduit for guiding a fluid from a first of the fluid sources, and a second conduit for guiding a fluid from a second of the fluid sources, and that a restriction of a flow of the fluid from the first fluid source is provided by a downstream end of the first conduit and the rotor, whereby a downstream end of the second conduit is arranged so that a pressure drop provided by the restriction drives fluid through the second conduit towards the downstream end of the second conduit.

An internally cooled internal combustion piston engine and method of operating a piston engine is provided, with the combination of liquid water injection, higher compression ratios than conventional engines, and leaner air fuel mixtures than conventional engines. The effective compression ratio of the engines herein is greater than 13:1. The engines may employ gasoline or natural gas and use spark ignition, or the engines may employ a diesel-type fuel and use compression ignition. The liquid water injection provides internal cooling, reducing or eliminating the heat rejection to the radiator, reduces engine knock, and reduces NOx emissions. The method of engine operation using internal cooling with liquid water injection, high compression ratio and lean air fuel mixture allow for more complete and efficient combustion and therefore better thermal efficiency as compared to conventional engines.

An internally cooled internal combustion piston engine and method of operating a piston engine is provided, with the combination of liquid water injection, higher compression ratios than conventional engines, and leaner air fuel mixtures than conventional engines. The effective compression ratio of the engines herein is greater than 13:1. The engines may employ gasoline or natural gas and use spark ignition, or the engines may employ a diesel-type fuel and use compression ignition. The liquid water injection provides internal cooling, reducing or eliminating the heat rejection to the radiator, reduces engine knock, and reduces NOx emissions. The method of engine operation using internal cooling with liquid water injection, high compression ratio and lean air fuel mixture allow for more complete and efficient combustion and therefore better thermal efficiency as compared to conventional engines.

An internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber. The chamber includes a body that is movable in the chamber to vary the chamber volume and contains a catalyst. First valving is operable to admit an intake gas into the chamber and second valving connected with an aqueous fluid supply system is operable to admit an aqueous fluid and a steam reforming fuel into the chamber. A controller is configured to cause the second valving to admit a aqueous fluid and an amount of the steam reforming fuel into the chamber and when a predetermined condition exists in the chamber during compression of the intake gas to absorb heat generated by the compression of the intake gas in the presence of the catalyst to promote a steam reformation process to separate hydrogen from the steam reforming fuel or the aqueous fluid.

An internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber. The chamber includes a body that is movable in the chamber to vary the chamber volume and contains a catalyst. First valving is operable to admit an intake gas into the chamber and second valving connected with an aqueous fluid supply system is operable to admit an aqueous fluid and a steam reforming fuel into the chamber. A controller is configured to cause the second valving to admit a aqueous fluid and an amount of the steam reforming fuel into the chamber and when a predetermined condition exists in the chamber during compression of the intake gas to absorb heat generated by the compression of the intake gas in the presence of the catalyst to promote a steam reformation process to separate hydrogen from the steam reforming fuel or the aqueous fluid.