An evaporative emissions control system for an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders including a dedicated exhaust gas recirculation (DEGR) cylinder. The evaporative emissions control system including a fuel tank vent line configured to direct fuel vapors evaporated from fuel within a fuel tank to only the DEGR cylinder of the plurality of cylinders. A purge valve is along the fuel vent line and is configured to control passage of fuel vapors to the DEGR cylinder.

An EGR passage of an EGR device includes a plurality of EGR introduction passages and an EGR chamber. A plurality of cylinders include a first cylinder subset and a second cylinder subset, each of which is a pair of two cylinders positioned next to each other. An explosion interval between the two cylinders constituting the first cylinder subset is shorter than that of the second cylinder subset. A first total volume being the sum of volumes of two first EGR introduction passages associated with the first cylinder subset and a volume of a portion of the EGR chamber located between the two first EGR introduction passages is larger than a second total volume being the sum of volumes of two second EGR introduction passages associated with the second cylinder subset and a volume of a portion of the EGR chamber located between the two second EGR introduction passages.

An EGR passage of an EGR device includes a plurality of EGR introduction passages and an EGR chamber. A plurality of cylinders include a first cylinder subset and a second cylinder subset, each of which is a pair of two cylinders positioned next to each other. An explosion interval between the two cylinders constituting the first cylinder subset is shorter than that of the second cylinder subset. A first total volume being the sum of volumes of two first EGR introduction passages associated with the first cylinder subset and a volume of a portion of the EGR chamber located between the two first EGR introduction passages is larger than a second total volume being the sum of volumes of two second EGR introduction passages associated with the second cylinder subset and a volume of a portion of the EGR chamber located between the two second EGR introduction passages.

A combustion engine having at least one cylinder, wherein the at least one cylinder has a main combustion chamber for burning a fuel/air mixture or a fuel/air/exhaust gas mixture and has a flushed prechamber connected to the main combustion chamber via at least one overflow duct on the fluid side, and comprises at least one exhaust gas turbocharger which has a turbine for the expansion of the at exhaust gas leaving the at least one cylinder and a compressor for compressing fresh air or a fresh air/exhaust gas mixture to be supplied to the at least one cylinder as compressed charge-air. For the supply of the combustion chamber, a combustion chamber charge-air line is disposed in a charge-air line downstream of the compressor and for the supply of the prechamber, a prechamber flushing line branching off at an extraction point is formed.

A cylinder head includes: an exhaust port configured to lead out exhaust gas from combustion chamber; an intake port configured to introduce fresh air into the combustion chamber; an intake air aggregate part configured to aggregate the intake port; and a second EGR pipe in which EGR gas flows, wherein exhaust outlets of the exhaust port and an EGR gas inlet of the second EGR pipe are arranged side-by-side on a flat left side surface, and a fresh air inlet of the intake air aggregate part and an EGR gas outlet of the second EGR pipe are arranged side-by-side on a flat right side surface.

An EGR device includes an inlet portion into which EGR gas is introduced, a first outlet portion, a second outlet portion, and a passage portion. The first outlet portion and the second outlet portion each conduct, to the corresponding branch passage portion, the EGR gas that has been introduced through the inlet portion. The passage portion allows gas to flow between the inlet portion and the first outlet portion and between the inlet portion and the second outlet portion. The passage portion includes: a main passage that connects the inlet portion to the first outlet portion and to the second outlet portion; and an expansion chamber that is expanded outward from the main passage. The main passage includes a connecting portion. The connecting portion is connected to the second outlet portion and extends in a first direction. The expansion chamber is expanded outward from the connecting portion.

An internal combustion engine assembly is provided with a fuel tank for fuel including ethanol, and a reformer for steam reforming of ethanol that is with an outlet connected to a buffer tank. A first reformer supply duct extends from the fuel tank to the reformer via a fuel evaporator that is in heat exchanging contact with the exhaust gases, for supplying ethanol vapor to the reformer. A second reformer supply duct extends from a water reservoir to the reformer via a water evaporator that is in heat exchanging contact with the exhaust gases. The reformer is in heat exchanging contact with the catalytic converter and is adapted for reforming ethanol and water into syngas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and for supplying the syngas via the outlet to the buffer tank. The reformer and the catalytic converter may form an integrated unit.

An internal combustion engine assembly is provided with a fuel tank for fuel including ethanol, and a reformer for steam reforming of ethanol that is with an outlet connected to a buffer tank. A first reformer supply duct extends from the fuel tank to the reformer via a fuel evaporator that is in heat exchanging contact with the exhaust gases, for supplying ethanol vapor to the reformer. A second reformer supply duct extends from a water reservoir to the reformer via a water evaporator that is in heat exchanging contact with the exhaust gases. The reformer is in heat exchanging contact with the catalytic converter and is adapted for reforming ethanol and water into syngas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and for supplying the syngas via the outlet to the buffer tank. The reformer and the catalytic converter may form an integrated unit.

A diesel engine employs a turbulent jet ignition system and method. In another aspect, diesel fuel and air are premixed prior to introduction of the mixture into a main engine combustion chamber. A further aspect employs a turbocharger compressor to boost air pressure into a main piston combustion chamber and/or an ignition pre-chamber for missing with a heavy fuel, such as diesel.

A diesel engine employs a turbulent jet ignition system and method. In another aspect, diesel fuel and air are premixed prior to introduction of the mixture into a main engine combustion chamber. A further aspect employs a turbocharger compressor to boost air pressure into a main piston combustion chamber and/or an ignition pre-chamber for missing with a heavy fuel, such as diesel.