Throttle-at-valve apparatus, internal combustion engines employing throttle-at-valve apparatus, and methods of throttling an internal combustion engine using a throttle-at-valve apparatus, where the throttle-at-valve apparatus includes a throttle slide body disposed within a throttle slide cavity that is defined between and in fluid communication with both an unobstructed air intake passage and an intake valve of an internal combustion engine, where the air flow from the air intake passage to the intake valve is regulated by the reciprocal movement of the throttle slide body within the throttle slide cavity.

An intake manifold with a blow off/pressure release valve, wherein the intake manifold may be a unitary construction of aluminum. The intake manifold utilizes a flat gasket at engine interface that, in combination with the aluminum construction, reduces the amount of heat transferred from the cylinder head to the intake manifold. The unitary construction of aluminum provides a strong bridge and conduit between the cylinder head and the carburetor.

An intake manifold with a blow off/pressure release valve, wherein the intake manifold may be a unitary construction of aluminum. The intake manifold utilizes a flat gasket at engine interface that, in combination with the aluminum construction, reduces the amount of heat transferred from the cylinder head to the intake manifold. The unitary construction of aluminum provides a strong bridge and conduit between the cylinder head and the carburetor.

An intake manifold for an engine includes first and second runners that each extend from a plenum to a mounting face of the intake manifold. The mounting face mates with a corresponding face of a cylinder head. The intake manifold defines a passage directly fluidly coupling the first runner to the second runner to reduce engine noise. The passage is spaced apart from the plenum and the mounting face. A method of controlling engine noise is also provided.

An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle is provided. The apparatus includes an engine generating power by combustion of fuel, a driving motor assisting power of the engine and selectively operated as a power generator to generate electric energy and a clutch disposed between the engine and the driving motor. A battery supplies electric energy to the driving motor and charges the electric energy generated in the driving motor. A plurality of electric superchargers are installed in a plurality of intake lines, in which outside air supplied to combustion chambers of the engine flows, respectively and a controller variably adjusts an operating point of the engine.

An HHO gas second fuel is produced in a pressure-resistant container and distributed at a low volumetric rate at multiple locations about the internal combustion engine.

A bent section (71) is provided. An intake gas outlet (71B) downstream of the bent section (71) is connected to an intake manifold (11C). A throttle valve (47A) is disposed in the vicinity of and upstream of an intake gas inlet (71A) upstream of the bent section (71). An EGR pipe (13) is connected to the bent section (71). A rotation shaft (48) of the throttle valve (47A) is provided so as to be perpendicular to a first plane (75) including an inlet side intake pipe axis (72A) passing through the intake gas inlet (71A) and an outlet side intake pipe axis (72B) passing through the intake gas outlet (71B). An outer surface, which is intersected by the first plane (75), of the bent section (71) is formed to include a first sidewall surface (73A) extending in parallel to the inlet side intake pipe axis (72A) toward a bent side, a second sidewall surface (73B) extending in parallel to the outlet side intake pipe axis (72B) toward the bent side, and an outer curved surface (73C) having a predetermined radius of curvature configured to connect bent side ends of the first sidewall surface (73A) and the second sidewall surface (73B).

An engine intake bypass system includes: an inlet pipe that supplies air, which passes through a throttle valve, to an intake manifold via a supercharging device along a first path, and directly supplies the air having passed through the throttle valve the intake manifold after bypassing the supercharging device along a second path; a bypass duct disposed in the second path to receive the air from the inlet pipe and deliver the air to the intake manifold in parallel; and a bypass valve installed to interrupt the air supplied to the bypass duct.

An engine intake bypass system includes: an inlet pipe that supplies air, which passes through a throttle valve, to an intake manifold via a supercharging device along a first path, and directly supplies the air having passed through the throttle valve the intake manifold after bypassing the supercharging device along a second path; a bypass duct disposed in the second path to receive the air from the inlet pipe and deliver the air to the intake manifold in parallel; and a bypass valve installed to interrupt the air supplied to the bypass duct.

The presently disclosed subject matter is generally directed to a system and method of protecting the engines of ATVs by preventing excessive water from entering the belt drive and/or air intake of the vehicle motor. The system includes a riser and valve assembly. Each snorkel valve assembly includes one or more water sensors in communication with a valve. When water is detected by the sensors, the valve closes, preventing water from entering the vehicle engine, transmission, air box, clutch housing, and/or any other vented element of the ATV engine. Instead, the water is diverted out of the system through a drain valve. Accordingly, the system prevents water, mud, and the like from entering the main components of the ATV motor.