Systems, apparatus, and methods are disclosed that include a divided exhaust engine with at least one primary EGR cylinder and a plurality of non-primary EGR cylinders. The systems, apparatus and methods control the amount of recirculated exhaust gas in a charge flow in response to EGR fraction deviation conditions.

Provided is an ignition control device capable of suppressing wear of an ignition plug due to occurrence of a re-strike without adding a component. An ECU 123 used as an ignition control device includes: an ignition signal calculation unit 203 that calculates a start timing and an end timing of re-energization with a primary current in one ignition process, compares the end timing of the re-energization with the timing at which the frequency of occurrence of a re-strike decreases, and determines whether to perform the re-energization; and an ignition signal generation unit 204 that generates an ignition signal for generating at least one or more spark discharges in the ignition process, outputs the ignition signal to the ignition coil, then generates the ignition signal when the ignition signal calculation unit determines to perform the re-energization, outputs the ignition signal to the ignition coil at the start timing of the re-energization, and does not generate the ignition signal when the ignition signal calculation unit determines not to perform the re-energization.

Provided is an ignition control device capable of suppressing wear of an ignition plug due to occurrence of a re-strike without adding a component. An ECU 123 used as an ignition control device includes: an ignition signal calculation unit 203 that calculates a start timing and an end timing of re-energization with a primary current in one ignition process, compares the end timing of the re-energization with the timing at which the frequency of occurrence of a re-strike decreases, and determines whether to perform the re-energization; and an ignition signal generation unit 204 that generates an ignition signal for generating at least one or more spark discharges in the ignition process, outputs the ignition signal to the ignition coil, then generates the ignition signal when the ignition signal calculation unit determines to perform the re-energization, outputs the ignition signal to the ignition coil at the start timing of the re-energization, and does not generate the ignition signal when the ignition signal calculation unit determines not to perform the re-energization.

Systems and methods for operating an engine that includes an exhaust system with a carbonaceous soot trap described. In one example, a carbonaceous soot load estimate for the carbonaceous soot trap is performed when a differential pressure sensor is degraded. The carbonaceous soot estimate may be performed when the engine is not rotating.

An engine-knock controlling system for a carburetor-based engine includes one or more cylinders in which combustion occurs, wherein the system also includes a plurality of knock sensors coupled to an engine block, a first wiring harness, a first control unit, a second wiring harness, and a second control unit or an intermediate control unit, or a second control unit and intermediate control unit. The knock sensor(s) detects threatening engine-knock noise as an audible signal and transmits a signal through the wiring harnesses and control units to generate an ignition retarding action to correct the engine misfire and eliminate the knock/ping. Once the engine knock event is resolved, the processor of the first control unit transmits via the second wiring harness a signal to the second control unit or to the intermediate control unit, or to the second control unit and the intermediate control unit, to allow full-advance of ignition timing.

A model calculating unit for the selective calculation of an RBF model or of a neural layer of a multilayer perceptron model having a hardwired processor core designed in hardware for calculating a fixedly specified computing algorithm in coupled function blocks. The processor core is designed to calculate an output variable for an RBF model as a function of one or multiple input variables of an input variable vector, of supporting points, of length scales, of parameters specified for each supporting point, the processor core furthermore being designed to calculate an output variable for each neuron for the neural layer of the multilayer perceptron model having a number of neurons as a function of the one or the multiple input variables of the input variable vector, of a weighting matrix having weighting factors and an offset value specified for each neuron.

An internal combustion engine includes an internal combustion engine main body including a plurality of cylinders, a knock sensor provided on each of the plurality of cylinders, a control board including an amplification circuit, and a plurality of cables differing in length and each connecting the knock sensor and the control board. The amplification circuit includes, for each of the plurality of cables, a first charge amplifier connected to a first output terminal of the knock sensor via one of the plurality of cables, a second charge amplifier connected to a second output terminal of the knock sensor via one of the plurality of cables, and a differential amplifier configured to take an output of the first charge amplifier and an output of the second charge amplifier as input.

A method of generating vehicle control data is provided. The method is executed using a processor and a storage device and includes: storing first data that prescribe a relationship between a state of a vehicle and an action variable that indicates an action related to an operation of an electronic device; acquiring a detection value from a sensor that detects the state of the vehicle; operating the electronic device; calculating a reward, on the basis of the acquired detection value; in a case where a predetermined condition is met, updating the first data using, as inputs to update mapping determined in advance, the state of the vehicle, a value of the action variable, and the reward; and in a case where the state of the vehicle does not meet the predetermined condition, obtaining second data by adapting the relationship between the state of the vehicle and the action variable.

A method of generating vehicle control data is provided. The method is executed using a processor and a storage device and includes: storing first data that prescribe a relationship between a state of a vehicle and an action variable that indicates an action related to an operation of an electronic device; acquiring a detection value from a sensor that detects the state of the vehicle; operating the electronic device; calculating a reward, on the basis of the acquired detection value; in a case where a predetermined condition is met, updating the first data using, as inputs to update mapping determined in advance, the state of the vehicle, a value of the action variable, and the reward; and in a case where the state of the vehicle does not meet the predetermined condition, obtaining second data by adapting the relationship between the state of the vehicle and the action variable.

A engine starting method is carried out to start an engine of a vehicle. The vehicle includes a first hub, a second hub, and a damper. The damper connects the first hub and the second hub in a power transmission path between the engine and a generator capable of power generation and powered travel. The engine starting method determines whether or not the engine needs to be started, begins to crank the engine via the generator when the engine needs to be started, performs a first ignition when torque fluctuation caused by torsion in the first hub and the second hub is in a range of being absorbable by the damper during the cranking, and suppresses engine torque generated by the first ignition below engine torque generated by second and subsequent ignitions.