This disclosure concerns methods and compositions for identifying plants that have an Ogura CMS restorer of fertility phenotype. Some aspects concern a zygosity assay to identify, select, and/or construct Ogura CMS restorer of fertility plants and germplasm. Particular aspects concern a zygosity assay to maintain an Ogura fertility restoration system for hybrid canola production. This disclosure also concerns plants comprising an Ogura fertility restoration system for hybrid canola production generated by methods utilizing the zygosity assay described herein.

The present invention relates to hybrid barley seed production and marker assisted selection of barley plants in order to obtain barley plants or seeds comprising an Ant 1 and/or Ant2 gene allowing color sorting of seeds.

Exemplary embodiments described herein include various methods for creating clonal seeds from which cannabis females are generated. Clonal seeds are cannabis seeds that give rise to identical plants. Specifically, clonal seeds may be genetically identical in certain embodiments and almost genetically identical in other embodiments.