Presented herein are systems and methods that allow for adapting at least one dimension of an accumulator in a hydraulic system when faced with certain dimensional constraints and to vary the compliance or stiffness of an accumulator.

A pressure-medium cylinder does not have a component that dynamically seals the piston rod and can be well-cleaned safely from outside. The pressure-medium cylinder includes a cylinder housing, a piston, a piston rod, and a static end-position seal. The piston is axially movably disposed in the cylinder housing. The piston rod is connected to the piston and penetrates the cylinder housing toward an end face through an outlet opening. The piston rod has a stop surface extending radially from the piston rod in a piston rod portion disposed outside of the cylinder housing. The stop surface contacts the cylinder housing in an end position during retracting of the piston rod and thus sealingly covers and/or extends around a gap region or gap regions between the piston rod and an edge of the outlet opening.

A linear actuator provided for moving a load includes an actuator housing having a tube and a housing bottom at one end of the tube and a housing head at another end of the tube. The linear actuator further includes a piston guided longitudinally in the actuator housing, and an actuator rod assembled with the piston and configured to protrude out of the actuator housing in a manner which is guided in the housing head. The linear actuator is configured such that reliability of operation is increased and damage of structural parts is largely avoided. The linear actuator achieves these results by virtue of the fact that there is at least one plastically deformable buffer element which can be supported on the housing head and can be deformed in the case of an impact of the piston. The buffer element is configured to convert kinetic energy into deformation work.

A bidirectional shock absorber includes a cylinder housing including a liquid chamber, a shock-absorbing mechanism located inside the liquid chamber and supported by a rod sticking out of the cylinder housing. The shock-absorbing mechanism includes a pair of pistons located in the liquid chamber and attached to the rod on the respective sides of a liquid storage chamber constituting an accumulator, resistance paths formed between an outer circumferential surface of the pistons and an inner circumferential surface of a piston chamber, to apply flow resistance to the liquid, and unidirectional flow paths formed along the respective pistons and configured to block the liquid flow toward the liquid storage chamber when the corresponding piston is pressed toward the piston chamber, but to permit the liquid to flow in the opposite direction.