A cylinder device includes a cylinder, an outer tube, a piston, a piston rod, a rod guide, a first common passage through which working oil that is supplied/discharged to/from a rod-side chamber passes, a pipe that forms a part of the first common passage and is provided in a reservoir tank, a pipe holder that is provided between the pipe and the rod guide and holds a first end of the pipe, and a plug that is provided on a side of the pipe holder opposite from the pipe and has a throttle passage allowing the first common passage to communicate with the reservoir tank.

An industrial gas spring with a pressure chamber in a casing with an end wall, a piston rod received at least in part in the casing for reciprocation between extended and retracted positions and a pressure relief assembly carried by the end wall. The pressure relief assembly may have a membrane communicating with the pressure chamber and a plunger configured to breach the membrane when engaged and moved by the piston rod when it overtravels its design intended retracted position.

A laminar flow path (34) is opened into the vortex chambers (33a and 33b) from inner peripheral surfaces that face in radial directions of the vortex chambers (33a and 33b) being aimed in circumferential directions of the vortex chambers (33a and 33b) among wall surfaces defining the vortex chambers (33a and 33b). A communication hole (32b) is opened into the vortex chamber (33a and 33b) from an end surface that faces in a direction of center axis of the vortex chamber (33a and 33b) being aimed in a direction of a center axis among the wall surfaces defining the vortex chamber (33a and 33b). Blocking members (36a and 36b) extending in the direction of the center axis so as to surround the communication hole (32b) from an outside in the radial direction are provided within the vortex chambers (33a and 33b). The blocking members (36a and 36b) are provided with flow openings (37a and 37b) penetrating the blocking members (36a and 36b). The vortex chambers (33a and 33b) form circulating flows of a liquid according to a flow speed of the liquid flowing in from the laminar flow path (34) and allows the liquid to flow out from the communication hole (32b) through the flow openings (37a and 37b). Therefore, simplification of structure and facilitation of manufacture are achieved while maintaining product characteristics of a vibration damping device.

An elastic main body member, a partition member, a diaphragm and a fixing ring are piled up in an outer cylinder of long cylindrical shape that surrounds the whole outside of the elastic main body member, and combined together by fixing the fixing ring by claws of the outer cylinder. An elastic main body member drain recess, a partition member first drain recess and a fixing ring drain recess are formed in each of outer circumferential portions of the elastic main body member, the partition member and the fixing ring and, when assembling, aligned continuously with each other, so that a water drain passage is formed inside the outer cylinder.

A cylinder device includes a cylinder, an outer tube, a piston, a piston rod, a rod guide, a first common passage through which working oil that is supplied/discharged to/from a rod-side chamber passes, a pipe that forms a part of the first common passage and is provided in a reservoir tank, a pipe holder that is provided between the pipe and the rod guide and holds a first end of the pipe, and a plug that is provided on a side of the pipe holder opposite from the pipe and has a throttle passage allowing the first common passage to communicate with the reservoir tank.

A laminar flow path (34) is opened into the vortex chambers (33a and 33b) from inner peripheral surfaces that face in radial directions of the vortex chambers (33a and 33b) being aimed in circumferential directions of the vortex chambers (33a and 33b) among wall surfaces defining the vortex chambers (33a and 33b). A communication hole (32b) is opened into the vortex chamber (33a and 33b) from an end surface that faces in a direction of center axis of the vortex chamber (33a and 33b) being aimed in a direction of a center axis among the wall surfaces defining the vortex chamber (33a and 33b). Blocking members (36a and 36b) extending in the direction of the center axis so as to surround the communication hole (32b) from an outside in the radial direction are provided within the vortex chambers (33a and 33b). The blocking members (36a and 36b) are provided with flow openings (37a and 37b) penetrating the blocking members (36a and 36b). The vortex chambers (33a and 33b) form circulating flows of a liquid according to a flow speed of the liquid flowing in from the laminar flow path (34) and allows the liquid to flow out from the communication hole (32b) through the flow openings (37a and 37b). Therefore, simplification of structure and facilitation of manufacture are achieved while maintaining product characteristics of a vibration damping device.

Included are: a first supporting member; a second supporting member arranged to be spaced away from the first supporting member in a main load direction; an elastically deformable diaphragm forming a closed space by connecting the first supporting member and the second supporting member; a detection unit detecting a change of a relative distance between the first supporting member and the second supporting member, and producing a mechanical output of the change of the relative distance; and a controlling member capable of discharging air in an inside of the closed space S to an outside of the closed space S in response to the mechanical output from the detection unit. Thereby, an air spring having a mechanism for suppressing an abnormal rise of a vehicle height without deteriorating the diaphragm can be provided.

In various embodiments, a two stage shock strut for use in a landing gear assembly may comprise a first cylinder, a fill port, a first stage piston head, a second cylinder, a second stage piston head, and a bleed tube. The first cylinder may define a first volume. The fill port valve may be in fluid communication with the first cylinder and configured to receive hydraulic fluid. The first stage piston head may be in fluid communication with the first volume. The second cylinder may comprise a metering pin. The metering pin may be in fluid communication with the first volume and a second volume defined by the second cylinder. The metering pin may be configured to receive the hydraulic fluid from the first volume and purge gas from the second volume. The second stage piston head may be in fluid communication with the second volume.

A damper including a pressure tube, a reserve tube, an intermediate tube positioned between the pressure and reserve tubes, and one or more external control valves. A piston divides the pressure tube into first and second working chambers. A control valve seat provides a connection interface for the external control valve(s). The control valve seat includes a neck portion and a flange portion with a pair of cut-outs that are circumferentially spaced from one another to define first and second windows that are arranged in fluid communication with a reserve tube opening and first and second wings that extend out from the neck portion and sit/rest against the reserve tube.

Front forks for bicycles are described herein. An example front fork includes a leg including an upper tube and a lower tube. The upper tube and the lower tube are configured in a telescopic arrangement. The upper tube and the lower tube define an interior region that is sealed and contains a volume of air in the lower tube. The front fork also includes a valve coupled to the upper tube at or near a top end of the upper tube. A flow path is formed between the volume of air in the lower tube and the valve such that when the valve is opened, pressure in the lower tube is equalized with atmospheric pressure.