A valve system/method suitable for an internal combustion engine (ICE), compressor pump, vacuum pump, and/or reciprocating mechanical device is disclosed. The system/method is optimized for construction of a four-stroke ICE. The rudimentary system incorporates an intake engine block cover (IEC) and exhaust engine block cover (EEC) that enclose an intake rotary valve disc (IVD) and exhaust rotary valve disc (EVD) that control intake/exhaust flow through a respective intake rotary valve port (IVP) and an exhaust rotary valve port (EVP) into and out of a combustion cylinder that provides power to a piston and crankshaft. An intake multi-staged valve (IMV) and exhaust multi-staged valve (EMV) provide intake and exhaust flow control for the IVD/IVP and EVD/EVP. An enhanced system may include a variety of intake/exhaust port seals (IPS/EPS), forced induction/discharge (FIN), centrifugal advance (CAD), and/or cooling channel spool (ICS/ECS).

A valve system/method suitable for an internal combustion engine (ICE), compressor pump, vacuum pump, and/or reciprocating mechanical device is disclosed. The system/method is optimized for construction of a four-stroke ICE. The rudimentary system incorporates an intake engine block cover (IEC) and exhaust engine block cover (EEC) that enclose an intake rotary valve disc (IVD) and exhaust rotary valve disc (EVD) that control intake/exhaust flow through a respective intake rotary valve port (IVP) and an exhaust rotary valve port (EVP) into and out of a combustion cylinder that provides power to a piston and crankshaft. An intake multi-staged valve (IMV) and exhaust multi-staged valve (EMV) provide intake and exhaust flow control for the IVD/IVP and EVD/EVP. An enhanced system may include a variety of intake/exhaust port seals (IPS/EPS), forced induction/discharge (FIN), centrifugal advance (CAD), and/or cooling channel spool (ICS/ECS).

An apparatus and methods are provided for a rear portal trailing arm assembly for a vehicle rear suspension. The trailing arm assembly comprises a CV joint hub for coupling with a transaxle and a wheel hub for coupling with a rear wheel. A gear transfer case extends rearward from the CV joint hub to an axle case and functions similarly to a rear trailing arm. Forward mounts facilitate coupling the gear transfer case to the chassis such that the trailing arm assembly pivots vertically with respect to the chassis. A rearward mount facilitates coupling a strut with the gear transfer case to control the vertical motion of the rear wheel. Multiple gear assemblies are meshed within the gear transfer case. An axle is coupled with the meshed gear assemblies and housed within the axle case, such that torque applied to the CV joint hub is communicated to the wheel hub.

Various embodiments of tool assemblies are provided having at least one rotary input coupling and at least one linear input coupling for allowing either a rotary output or a linear output (e.g., from a tool driver on a surgical robot) to activate at least one mechanism of the tool assembly. For example, mechanisms of the tool assembly can include a clamping assembly, a firing assembly, an articulation assembly, and a roll assembly. The clamping assembly can open and close jaws of an end effector, the firing assembly can translate a knife assembly through the end effector to fire staples and cut tissue, the articulation assembly can articulate the end effector, and the roll assembly can rotate the elongate shaft and/or the end effector.

A valve system/method suitable for an internal combustion engine (ICE), compressor pump, vacuum pump, and/or reciprocating mechanical device is disclosed. The system/method is optimized for construction of a two-stroke ICE. The rudimentary system incorporates an intake engine block cover (IEC) and exhaust engine block cover (EEC) that enclose an intake rotary valve cylinder (IVC) and exhaust rotary valve cylinder (EVC) that control intake/exhaust flow through a respective intake rotary valve port (IVP) and an exhaust rotary valve port (EVP) into and out of a combustion cylinder that provides power to a piston and crankshaft. Intake/exhaust multi-staged valves (IMV/EMV) provide intake/exhaust flow control for the IVC/IVP and EVC/EVP. An enhanced system may include a variety of intake/exhaust port seals (IPS/EPS), forced induction/discharge (FIN/FID), centrifugal advance (CAD/ICA/ECA), and/or cooling channel spool (ICS/ECS).

A valve system/method suitable for an internal combustion engine (ICE), compressor pump, vacuum pump, and/or reciprocating mechanical device is disclosed. The system/method is optimized for construction of a two-stroke ICE. The rudimentary system incorporates an intake engine block cover (IEC) and exhaust engine block cover (EEC) that enclose an intake rotary valve cylinder (IVC) and exhaust rotary valve cylinder (EVC) that control intake/exhaust flow through a respective intake rotary valve port (IVP) and an exhaust rotary valve port (EVP) into and out of a combustion cylinder that provides power to a piston and crankshaft. Intake/exhaust multi-staged valves (IMV/EMV) provide intake/exhaust flow control for the IVC/IVP and EVC/EVP. An enhanced system may include a variety of intake/exhaust port seals (IPS/EPS), forced induction/discharge (FIN/FID), centrifugal advance (CAD/ICA/ECA), and/or cooling channel spool (ICS/ECS).

A gear-skipping prevention mechanism including a first gear, a second gear, and a positioning member is provided. The first gear is sleeved on an axle. The second gear meshes with the first gear and has a first guiding groove. The positioning member includes at least one body and at least one engaging portion. Each of the at least one body has a sleeving hole. The sleeving hole is sleeved on the axle, and each of the at least one engaging portion is slidably disposed in the first guiding groove to limit a relative position between the first gear and the second gear.

A gear-skipping prevention mechanism including a first gear, a second gear, and a positioning member is provided. The first gear is sleeved on an axle. The second gear meshes with the first gear and has a first guiding groove. The positioning member includes at least one body and at least one engaging portion. Each of the at least one body has a sleeving hole. The sleeving hole is sleeved on the axle, and each of the at least one engaging portion is slidably disposed in the first guiding groove to limit a relative position between the first gear and the second gear.

A steering torque feedback assembly for a vehicle steering column includes a housing, a first gear rotatably mounted within the housing about a first rotatable axis and being configured to rotate with, or being connected to, a vehicle steering column, first and second electric motors mounted within the housing, each having a rotatable output shaft, second and third gears rotatably mounted within the housing and engaged with the first gear, and first and second reduction gearing connecting the output of the first and second motors and a respective one of the second and third gears.

A regenerative energy system comprises a power source driving a motor that rotates a drive gear about an axis, the drive gear rotating a driven gear about an axis. The drive and driven gears each comprise radially extending teeth projecting from respective gear peripheries, the teeth meshing when the drive gear drives the 5 driven gear. Permanent magnets are disposed in at least some of the drive and driven gear teeth such that the magnetic poles of the drive gear teeth repel the poles of the driven gear teeth. When magnetic repulsive forces between the drive and driven gear teeth are overcome, the drive gear and driven gear teeth can engage one another. A coil is located in proximity to the permanent magnets. The 0 coil can form part of a solenoid. Electrical current is generated in the coil by a movement of the permanent magnets relative to the coil.