The present disclosure relates to genetically modified non-human animals that express a human or chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL6R and/or IL6, and methods of use thereof.

Disclosed is CD31.sup.shed for use as a molecular imaging target in the molecular imaging of an inflammatory condition. Administering the radiolabeled peptide P8RI as CD31.sup.shed ligand in different rat models of inflammation indeed showed that CD31.sup.shed is present on activated cells in a quantity allowing a detectable signal, whereas the noise signal corresponding to CD31.sup.shed present on activated circulating cells and on other organs or cells not involved in inflammation was little. Also disclosed is a labeled CD31.sup.shed ligand and the use thereof as a molecular imaging agent in the molecular imaging of an inflammatory condition. The molecular imaging of inflammatory sites particularly allows determining whether a subject suffers from or is at risk of having an inflammatory condition or is at risk of recurrence of an inflammatory condition after an anti-inflammatory treatment.

The present disclosure relates to genetically modified non-human animals that express a human or chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL4R and/or IL4, and methods of use thereof.

The invention belongs to the biopharmaceutical. It involves the role and mechanism of PCSK9 in inflammatory immune diseases, and the application of PCSK9 inhibitors to the preparation of drugs for the treatment of inflammatory immune diseases mediated by T cells. In particular, it involves the use of PCSK9 monoclonal antibody, PCSK9 interference RNA and PCSK9 small molecule inhibitors for treating psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, or urticaria. The invention uses psoriasis as an embodiment for the study of inflammatory and immune diseases. It is found that PCSK9 plays an important role in the treatment of inflammatory immune diseases. The PCSK9 monoclonal antibody, PCSK9 interference RNA, and PCSK9 small molecule inhibitor can be further developed for treating inflammatory immune-diseases, such as psoriasis with fewer adverse reactions, at low cost, and with good efficacy.

An atopic dermatitis model non-human animal, containing a gene mutation in which a complex containing dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) protein, mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1) protein, and endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1) protein is not formed in CD4.sup.+ T cells.

An atopic dermatitis model non-human animal, containing a gene mutation in which a complex containing dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) protein, mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1) protein, and endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1) protein is not formed in CD4.sup.+ T cells.

The present disclosure pertains to immune cells comprising exogenous fibrolytic agents and/or exogenous anti-inflammatory agents and methods of using immune cells comprising exogenous fibrolytic agents and/or exogenous anti-inflammatory agents.

The result of orally administering saliva derived from a Crohn’s disease patient or an ulcerative colitis patient to germ-free mice has revealed that Th1 cells markedly increased in the colons. Further, from the bacterial microbiota in the intestines of the mice in which such an increase in Th1 cells were observed, bacteria have been successfully isolated which caused strong Th1 cell induction in the colon upon intestinal colonization.

The disclosure provides for single chain variable fragments to oxidized phospholipid epitopes and methods of use thereof, including the production of transgenic animal models and the use of the fragments as therapeutic agents for treating CAS.

The present invention relates to a mouse model for bio-imaging of inflammation, a preparation method therefor and a use thereof. Particularly, by using the mouse model, which is made by crossing a mouse model with a mouse expressing Cre recombinase specifically in certain tissues and cells, certain tissue- and cell-specific inflammatory signals desired by a researcher can be evaluated in vitro and the progress of inflammatory changes over time without the autopsy of living animals can be identified, and thus the present invention can be used throughout the field of life science research including experimental animal science, molecular biology and the like, and can also be used as a model for efficacy evaluation of anti-inflammatory candidates in the industrial area such as new drug or health functional food development and the like.