A freewheel has a first ring which has a first blocking contour on a first axial side and a second ring which is rotatable relative to the first ring and which has a second blocking contour on a second axial side pointing toward the first axial side of the first ring. Tiltable blocking bodies can be caused to engage into the first blocking contour and into the second blocking contour. A switching element tilts the blocking bodies. A displacement unit axially displaces the second blocking contour relative to the first ring between an active setting, which is axially approximated to the first ring, and an inactive setting, which is axially remote from the first ring and in which torque-transmitting blocking of the first ring with the second ring is prevented in any setting of the blocking bodies.

A transmission is disclosed having an input member, an output member, a plurality of planetary gear sets, a plurality of interconnecting members and a plurality of torque-transmitting mechanisms including a one-way clutch. The plurality of planetary gear sets has first, second and third members. The input member is continuously interconnected with a member of the planetary gear sets. The output member is continuously interconnected with another member of the planetary gear sets. At least eight forward speeds and one reverse speed are produced by the selective engagement of the five torque-transmitting mechanisms.

A shifting control apparatus for a vehicle includes a stepped automatic transmission configured to switch shifting positions based on a shifting pattern stored in advance, characterized by comprising: a sensory evaluation input portion configured to accept at least one sensory evaluation made by a vehicle occupant in the vehicle with regard to traveling of the vehicle; an evaluation tendency determining portion configured to determine an emphasis tendency in the sensory evaluation with regard to a phenomenon of an evaluation target with which the vehicle occupant feels dissatisfied based on the sensory evaluation accepted by the sensory evaluation input portion; and a shifting characteristic changing portion configured to change a shifting characteristic of the stepped automatic transmission based on the emphasis tendency in the sensory evaluation with regard to the phenomenon of the evaluation target determined by the evaluation tendency determining portion so as to improve the sensory evaluation.

A tolerance ring is formed in an inner circumference of a clutch drum at a more forward position than a spline-fitted part in a forward direction during assembly of the clutch drum to a third sun gear; thus, the tolerance ring is located closer to an axial end of the clutch drum than to the spline-fitted part. Accordingly, it becomes easier to carry out grooving to form an annular groove for housing the tolerance ring therein in the inner circumference of the clutch drum, and thereby deterioration of machinability is suppressed.

When a third sun gear is fitted into a fitting hole of a clutch drum, external circumferential spline teeth and internal circumferential spline teeth that configure a spline-fitted part start meshing with each other before a tolerance ring comes into contact with the third sun gear and the clutch drum. Accordingly, the external circumferential spline teeth and the internal circumferential spline teeth mesh with each other, thereby centering the third sun gear and the clutch drum, thus accurately assembling the third sun gear and the clutch drum without causing eccentricity thereof

On simultaneous shifts in which shift control of virtual gear positions overlaps shift control of mechanical gear positions, an electronic control unit is configured to delay output of a shift command on the virtual gear position such that shifts of the virtual gear position and the mechanical gear position are performed in synchronization. Therefore, the virtual gear position and the mechanical gear position are shifted in synchronization, irrespective of a difference between the shift response times, and the feeling of strangeness given to the driver due to shift shock, or the like, is suppressed.

Drive systems or powertrains including transmissions for electric and hybrid electric vehicles are provided. In some embodiments, dynamic, 2-position linear motor, one-way clutches are provided. In other embodiments, 3-position linear motor, 2-way clutches are provided. In a fixed speed ratio operating mode of an electric vehicle powertrain, torque values for two electric motors are determined by control logic to optimize overall efficiency of the motors. In a fixed torque ratio operating mode of the powertrain, speed values for the two motors are determined to optimize overall efficiency. A hybrid electric powertrain of at least one embodiment uses the optimized electric vehicle powertrain, an engine and the one-way and 2-way clutches to obtain a highly optimized hybrid powertrain.

A portion of ankle movement can be harnessed into stored energy that can be released for various purposes, such as to assist in movement or to charge a battery. This harnessing can be achieved in various manners. In one example manner, an offset pulley component can transfer ankle movement to a generator in a shoe insole. In another example manner, a slider can cause a brace arch to match an ankle arch such that the movement is appropriately harnessed.

The present disclosure provides a power transmission apparatus for a hybrid vehicle including a one-directional rotation limiting device disposed on an engine torque delivery path so as to prevent a torque from reversely transmitting from the final drive gear to the planetary gear set.

An electric powertrain includes a first electric motor that has an uninterrupted connection with a drive shaft of a vehicle. The electric powertrain further includes a second electric motor that has an interruptible connection with the drive shaft. In one form, this interruptible connection includes a clutch. The electric powertrain further includes a first gear train in the form of a first planetary gear and a second gear train in the form of a second planetary gear. The first gear train, second gear train, and clutch are arranged downstream from the first electric motor and second electric motor.