A vehicle includes a planetary gear set, a gearbox, an electric machine, and an engine. The planetary gear set has a sun gear, a carrier, and a ring gear. The gearbox is configured to transmit power from the ring gear to vehicle wheels. The electric machine is fixedly coupled to the sun gear. The engine is selectively coupled to the ring gear via a first selectable one-way clutch and selectively coupled to the carrier via a second selectable one-way clutch.

A powertrain assembly for a vehicle includes a first motor and a second motor. A power split assembly, having an output power shaft, is connected to both the first and second motors to the power output shaft. The power split assembly selectively receives power output from the first and second motors, wherein the power split assembly defines a plurality of modes of operation to provide torque to the output power shaft. The powertrain assembly also includes a bypass power shaft operatively connected between the second motor and the output power shaft, such that the second motor provides torque to the output power shaft using the bypass power shaft to reduce torque interruptions created by the power split assembly during changes in the plurality of modes of operation.

A vehicle includes a planetary gear set, a gearbox, an electric machine, and an engine. The planetary gear set has a sun gear, a carrier, and a ring gear. The gearbox is configured to transmit power from the ring gear to vehicle wheels. The electric machine is fixedly coupled to the sun gear. The engine is selectively coupled to the ring gear via a first selectable one-way clutch and selectively coupled to the carrier via a second selectable one-way clutch.

A bicycle transmission hub includes: a hub shaft to input a rotation force is input, the hub shaft having first pawls arranged on the outer peripheral surface thereof; a transmission controller for controlling the first pawls to appear and disappear; driving gears, each having a ratchet formed on the inner peripheral surface thereof to receive a rotation force by the first pawls, the driving gears having a different number of teeth, the hub shaft extending through the center of each driving gear; driven gears engaged with the driving gears, respectively, having a different number of teeth, and rotating; an output wheel rotating while being coupled to a driving gear adjacent thereto among the driving gears and having a second pawl disposed on the outer peripheral surface thereof; and a hub shell having a ratchet formed on the inner peripheral surface thereof to receive a rotation force by the second pawl.

A self-ventilated bi-directional traction drive unit (10) comprises a bi-directional motor (12), an asymmetric fan (14) for ventilating the motor (12), and a mechanical transmission (14) between a motor shaft (24) of the motor (12) and an asymmetric fan rotor (38) of the fan (14). The mechanical transmission (14) is operative to drive the fan rotor (38) in a preferred fan direction (102) with a first constant gear ratio Ri when the motor shaft (24) rotates in a first traction direction and to drive the fan rotor (38) in the preferred fan direction with a second constant gear ratio R2 when the motor shaft (24) rotates in a second traction direction opposite to the first traction direction. The mechanical transmission (14) includes a planetary gear train (28) comprising a sun gear (30), a sun gear (32) and a set of one or more planet gears (34) supported on at least one planet carrier (36) and further includes free wheels (40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52), A first (46) of the free wheels operates between the planet carrier (36) and the fan rotor (38) to block the rotation of the fan rotor (38) with respect to the planet carrier (36) in a direction opposite to the preferred fan direction and a second (50) of the free wheels operates between the ring gear (32) and the fan rotor (38) to block the rotation of the fan rotor (38) with respect to the ring gear (32) in the preferred fan direction and in that the mechanical transmission (14) is such that (I).

A vehicle control system is provided to prevent an occurrence of an engine misfire which may be caused by an execution of ignition retard during lean-burn operation of an engine. The vehicle control system is configured to determine a starting point of an inertia phase when a shifting operation is demanded in the lean-burn mode. The vehicle control system is further configured to switch from the lean-burn mode to the stoichiometric mode before the starting point of the inertia phase, and to execute an ignition retard of the engine in the stoichiometric mode.

A vehicle control system is provided to prevent an occurrence of an engine misfire which may be caused by an execution of ignition retard during lean-burn operation of an engine. The vehicle control system is configured to determine a starting point of an inertia phase when a shifting operation is demanded in the lean-burn mode. The vehicle control system is further configured to switch from the lean-burn mode to the stoichiometric mode before the starting point of the inertia phase, and to execute an ignition retard of the engine in the stoichiometric mode.

A transmission unit for a vehicle equipped with propulsion pedals, comprising: a central shaft; a transmission output shaft coaxial with the central shaft; a planetary gear unit carried by the central shaft and configured for transmitting mechanical power from an input shaft of the planetary gear unit to the transmission output shaft; an electric motor unit; a housing carrying the central shaft, the transmission output shaft and the planetary gear unit; the electric motor unit is coaxial with the central shaft and comprises an output shaft fixedly coupled to the input shaft of the planetary gear unit, and the central shaft is coupled to the output shaft of the electric motor unit and the input shaft of the planetary gear unit by a freewheel.

A transmission unit for a vehicle equipped with propulsion pedals, comprising: a central shaft; a transmission output shaft coaxial with the central shaft; a planetary gear unit carried by the central shaft and configured for transmitting mechanical power from an input shaft of the planetary gear unit to the transmission output shaft; an electric motor unit; a housing carrying the central shaft, the transmission output shaft and the planetary gear unit; the electric motor unit is coaxial with the central shaft and comprises an output shaft fixedly coupled to the input shaft of the planetary gear unit, and the central shaft is coupled to the output shaft of the electric motor unit and the input shaft of the planetary gear unit by a freewheel.