In one aspect, the disclosure relates to sweetener compositions, methods of making same, and products comprising same. In various aspects, the disclosed sweetener compositions comprise a sweetening agent and a taste modulator component. The taste modulator component improves key properties associated with many sweetening agents, including maximal sweetness response; mitigates flavor profile issues such as bitter and/or licorice-like off-tastes; improves sweetness onset rate and lingering sweet aftertaste properties; improves desensitization/adaptation profile issues; and improves body/mouthfeel characteristics. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

The performance of a mammal, manifested as a reduced oxygen uptake (VO.sub.2) during physical exercise, can be enhanced by administering to said mammal a non-toxic amount of nitrate and/or nitrite. Liquid, semi-solid and solid snack and food products and nutritional supplements, such as sport drinks are made available.

The performance of a mammal, manifested as a reduced oxygen uptake (VO.sub.2) during physical exercise, can be enhanced by administering to said mammal a non-toxic amount of nitrate and/or nitrite. Liquid, semi-solid and solid snack and food products and nutritional supplements, such as sport drinks are made available.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to sweetener compositions, methods of making same, and products comprising same. In various aspects, the disclosed sweetener compositions comprise a sweetening agent and a taste modulator component. The taste modulator component improves key properties associated with many sweetening agents, including maximal sweetness response; mitigates flavor profile issues such as bitter and/or licorice-like off-tastes; improves sweetness onset rate and lingering sweet aftertaste properties; improves desensitization/adaptation profile issues; and improves body/mouthfeel characteristics. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to sweetener compositions, methods of making same, and products comprising same. In various aspects, the disclosed sweetener compositions comprise a sweetening agent and a taste modulator component. The taste modulator component improves key properties associated with many sweetening agents, including maximal sweetness response; mitigates flavor profile issues such as bitter and/or licorice-like off-tastes; improves sweetness onset rate and lingering sweet aftertaste properties; improves desensitization/adaptation profile issues; and improves body/mouthfeel characteristics. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

The present invention refers to an edible composition comprising water and/or at least one edible oil and a surface reacted calcium carbonate having a volume median particle size d.sub.50 from 0.1 to 90 m, an edible coating and/or filling comprising the surface-reacted calcium carbonate, a food product or pharmaceutical product or neutraceutical product at least partially coated and/or filled with the edible composition, a method for producing a food product or pharmaceutical product or neutraceutical product at least partially coated and/or filled with the edible composition.

The present invention refers to an edible composition comprising water and/or at least one edible oil and a surface reacted calcium carbonate having a volume median particle size d.sub.50 from 0.1 to 90 m, an edible coating and/or filling comprising the surface-reacted calcium carbonate, a food product or pharmaceutical product or neutraceutical product at least partially coated and/or filled with the edible composition, a method for producing a food product or pharmaceutical product or neutraceutical product at least partially coated and/or filled with the edible composition.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to sweetener compositions, methods of making same, and products comprising same. In various aspects, the disclosed sweetener compositions comprise a sweetening agent and a taste modulator component. The taste modulator component improves key properties associated with many sweetening agents, including maximal sweetness response; mitigates flavor profile issues such as bitter and/or licorice-like off-tastes; improves sweetness onset rate and lingering sweet aftertaste properties; improves desensitization/adaptation profile issues; and improves body/mouthfeel characteristics. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to sweetener compositions, methods of making same, and products comprising same. In various aspects, the disclosed sweetener compositions comprise a sweetening agent and a taste modulator component. The taste modulator component improves key properties associated with many sweetening agents, including maximal sweetness response; mitigates flavor profile issues such as bitter and/or licorice-like off-tastes; improves sweetness onset rate and lingering sweet aftertaste properties; improves desensitization/adaptation profile issues; and improves body/mouthfeel characteristics. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Inorganic anions nitrate and nitrite influence metabolic rate and glucose homeostasis. Infusion of nitrite iv caused an acute drop in resting energy expenditure (oxygen consumption) and nitrate, when given perorally, caused a reduction in oxygen consumption during exercise and a depression of the increase in blood glucose observed after an oral glucose tolerance test. The doses of nitrate and nitrite did not cause any detectable change in methemoglobin levels of blood. Also, nitrate and nitrite did not alter lactate levels in blood. This discovery provides useful treatments to regulate the energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis of a mammal by administration of inorganic nitrite and/or nitrate.