The invention describes a food or flour composition derived from fungal fermentation of plant material, the flour composition having a total metabolizable carbohydrate level of between 0.1-50% by weight. Also described are processes for the manufacture of the food or flour compositions using fungal fermentation having a total metabolizable carbohydrate level of between 0.1-50% by weight.

The present invention provides a food product comprising at least 1.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, or more, by weight total ingredients of a low bitter chicory plant material or flour. The present invention also provides a method for obtaining a chicory product with reduced bitterness, comprising blanching chicory roots or root chips, drying the blanched chicory root chips, and optionally grinding the dried chicory root chips and incorporating it into flour, dough, or other food products. Also provided is a method for obtaining a chicory taproot with reduced bitterness, comprising cultivating a chicory plant at a soil nitrogen level of 150 lbs per acre or less in the upper 3 feet of the soil.

The invention describes a food or flour composition derived from fungal fermentation of plant material, the flour composition having a total metabolizable carbohydrate level of between 0.1-50% by weight. Also described are processes for the manufacture of the food or flour compositions using fungal fermentation having a total metabolizable carbohydrate level of between 0.1-50% by weight.

The present method is directed in one embodiment to a non-soluble, substantially white granular salt substitute for dough-based products. In certain embodiments, the dough-based product comprises a filling sealed within a pocket while in other embodiments, the dough-based product is not filled. In certain embodiments, the dough-based product is heated by baking, deep-frying or microwaving. In certain embodiments, the salt substitute of the present invention may be used in place of other large-particulate salts such as kosher salt for use on dough-based products. Certain non-dough-based products such as salted caramel ice cream, confections, as well as products utilizing a reduced-salt blend are also improved using the present invention. In certain embodiments, the salt substitute comprises white tapioca.

The application relates to a composition comprising separately by weight: a) from about 25% to about 50% by weight of a native rice flour; b) from about 5% to about 15% by weight of a rice flour which has been heat-moisture treated; c) from about 10% to about 20% of a flour which has been thermally inhibited; and d) from about 15% to about 35% of a reduced protein pulse flour selected from the group consisting of pea flour, faba bean flour, lentil flour, chickpea flour, and mixtures thereof.

The present invention provides a food product comprising at least 1.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, or more, by weight total ingredients of a low bitter chicory plant material or flour. The present invention also provides a method for obtaining a chicory product with reduced bitterness, comprising blanching chicory roots or root chips, drying the blanched chicory root chips, and optionally grinding the dried chicory root chips and incorporating it into flour, dough, or other food products. Also provided is a method for obtaining a chicory taproot with reduced bitterness, comprising cultivating a chicory plant at a soil nitrogen level of 150 lbs per acre or less in the upper 3 feet of the soil.

The present invention provides a food product comprising at least 1.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, or more, by weight total ingredients of a low bitter chicory plant material or flour. The present invention also provides a method for obtaining a chicory product with reduced bitterness, comprising blanching chicory roots or root chips, drying the blanched chicory root chips, and optionally grinding the dried chicory root chips and incorporating it into flour, dough, or other food products. Also provided is a method for obtaining a chicory taproot with reduced bitterness, comprising cultivating a chicory plant at a soil nitrogen level of 150 lbs per acre or less in the upper 3 feet of the soil.

The present invention comprises a grain-free flour blend comprising at least one ingredient from each of the following groups: the group comprising nut and/or seed flour; the group comprising arrowroot powder and/or potato starch; and the group comprising gum and/or hydrocolloid. Furthermore, the present invention comprises a method for producing a grain-free flour blend, the method comprising providing at least one ingredient from each of the following groups: the group comprising nut and/or seed flour; the group comprising arrowroot powder and/or potato starch; and the group comprising gum and/or hydrocolloid.

The present invention provides a food product comprising at least 1.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, or more, by weight total ingredients of a low bitter chicory plant material or flour. The present invention also provides a method for obtaining a chicory product with reduced bitterness, comprising blanching chicory roots or root chips, drying the blanched chicory root chips, and optionally grinding the dried chicory root chips and incorporating it into flour, dough, or other food products. Also provided is a method for obtaining a chicory taproot with reduced bitterness, comprising cultivating a chicory plant at a soil nitrogen level of 150 lbs per acre or less in the upper 3 feet of the soil.

Food products, such as a dough for producing a baked product, that contain Jerusalem artichoke flour, a flavor enhancer, and an anti-flatulence agent are disclosed. In certain embodiments, the food product is a baked product that is a cookie or cracker. In accordance with the subject matter of the disclosure, in certain embodiments, the food product contains at least 10 weight percent Jerusalem artichoke flour. The food product also may contain at least 1 weight percent of a flavor enhancer to mask the unpleasant aftertaste of the cynarin that is naturally present in the Jersualem artichoke flour. The food product additionally contains at least one anti-flatulence agent.