A portable supercritical fluid extraction apparatus, comprising: (i) a pressure vessel for generating a supercritical fluid therein; (ii) a liquid solvent supply tank; (iii) a means for interconnecting said pressure vessel and said liquid solvent supply tank at a predetermined angle for delivery therethrough of a liquid solvent from the liquid storage tank to the pressure vessel; and (iv) a heating component for heating contents of the pressure vessel to produce a supercritical fluid therein.

The apparatus may additionally comprise a sample in fluid communication with the pressure vessel, and a receiving vessel in fluid communication with the pressure vessel. The pressure vessel may have a heating means for heating fluid contents therein, for example a heating wrap, a heating block, or a heating jacket.

There is disclosed a device and method for the generation of zero emission electricity that can be used to provide load balancing and emergency support to a electricity distribution network or back up electricity to a critical consumer such as a hospital or data center. The system uses a cryogenic fluid and a source of low grade waste heat. A cryogenic fluid is first evaporated by an evaporator (3) heated by a superheater (4) before entering an expansion turbine (10) to produce electricity.

A pump for pumping a cryogenic fluid includes an activation portion that includes at least one actuator. The activation portion contains oil that may be cooled by the cryogenic fluid. The pump further includes a pumping portion that includes at least one pumping element, the at least one pumping element being operated by the at least one actuator, and a heater associated with the activation portion and configured to, when the heater is active, transfer heat energy to the activation portion such that the oil contained in the activation portion is warmed.

A process for transferring hydrogen from a first tank wherein the hydrogen is in an initial liquid state at a pressure of the order of 10 bar to a second tank wherein the hydrogen is in a final state at a pressure greater than or equal to 500 bar. The process includes: a first pumping step of the hydrogen from the initial state thereof to an intermediate state wherein the hydrogen has a pressure greater than that of the initial state thereof; and a second pumping step of the hydrogen from the intermediate state thereof to bring it to the final state thereof. The first pumping step and the second pumping step are carried out respectively by mutually separate first compression and second compression elements.

The system can include: a heat exchanger, a set of valves, a sensor suite, and a controller The system can optionally include or be used with a catalyst, a set of barriers, and/or an enclosure. However, the system can additionally or alternatively include any other suitable set of components. The system functions to facilitate cooling of a pressurized fluid (e.g., high pressure hydrogen gas). Additionally or alternatively, the system can function to catalyze fluid state change (e.g., hydrogen spin conversion, etc.) within the pressurized fluid. For example, the system can be used to convert hydrogen from a high-pressure gaseous hydrogen (GH.sub.2) state or high-pressure supercritical hydrogen (ScH.sub.2) state to the cryo-compressed hydrogen (CcH.sub.2) state without hydrogen liquefaction (fluid state transition to liquid hydrogen, LH.sub.2).

Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture to produce cryo-compressed hydrogen are disclosed. An example cryo-compressed hydrogen production system includes a compressor to compress an input of hydrogen, at least one heat exchanger to cool the hydrogen, and a conduit to convey the hydrogen at least partially to a storage tank for storage at a temperature less than or equal to a first threshold and greater than a second threshold, the first threshold defined by an upper temperature limit for cryo-compressed hydrogen, the second threshold defined by a hydrogen liquefaction temperature.