An apparatus to refuel a vessel with cryo-compressed hydrogen is disclosed herein. The apparatus includes a refueler controller configured to defuel the vessel prior to a refuel process based on a pressure of the vessel; fill a mixing tank with at least the cryo-compressed hydrogen based on the pressure of the vessel and a pressure of the mixing tank, wherein the mixing tank is connected upstream of the vessel and is structured to include the cryo-compressed hydrogen; initiate the refuel process of the vessel; adjust a temperature of the mixing tank in response to a temperature of the vessel not satisfying a target temperature of the vessel during the refuel process, wherein the temperature of the mixing tank is to be adjusted based on an increase or a decrease of flow of supercritical hydrogen; and end the refuel process in response to the pressure of the vessel satisfying a target pressure of the vessel.

Example integrated cryogenic hydrogen tank systems and methods for operating the same are disclosed herein. An example system comprises a first cryogenic tank coupled to a second cryogenic tank via a liquid hydrogen (LH2) transfer flowline and a gaseous hydrogen (GH2) transfer flowline, the LH2 transfer flowline and the GH2 transfer flowline to maintain a fuel level and a vapor pressure across the system, the fuel level corresponding to a cryogenic liquid; an inlet port connected to one of the first cryogenic tank or the second cryogenic tank; an LH2 extraction flowline connected to at least one of the first or second cryogenic tanks to supply the cryogenic liquid to a fuel management system; and a pressure safety system coupled to at least one of the first or second cryogenic tanks via a GH2 extraction flowline.

The invention relates to a method and to a device for determining an amount of gaseous fuel, which during a refueling process at a gas station has been transferred into a storage tank via a gas pump (3) and a filling hose (4) connected thereto, wherein in the gas pump (3) of the gas station, a flow meter (F) is provided, which during the filling of the storage tank detects the amount of fuel dispensed. Once the filling is completed, the filling hose (4) is depressurized, and the amount of fuel, which has not been transferred into the storage tank due to the depressurization, is detected, and this amount is subtracted from the amount detected by the flow meter (F).

A system to prevent the formation of hydrates in a pipeline includes a heater assembly. The heater assembly has a vortex tube mounted on an outer surface of a first section of the pipeline and a compressed gas source. The vortex tube is configured to separate gas from an inlet into a hot gas pathway and a cold gas pathway. The vortex tube includes an inlet, a cold gas outlet, and a hot gas outlet. The hot gas outlet of the vortex tube is fluidly connected to an opening defined in the first section of the pipeline. The hot gas outlet is configured to flow hot gas from the vortex tube into an interior volume of the pipeline. The compressed gas source is fluidly connected to the inlet of the vortex tube.

Provided is a high-pressure gas supplying apparatus that may minimize impact to be exerted on a valve seat in a regulator and may reuse condensate water or gas produced from leaking gas that is gradually discharged to the outside. That is, it is possible to collect and reuse moisture (condensate water) or gas produced by the Joule-Thomson effect from leaking gas that is gradually discharged to the outside by the leaking gas discharge unit.

A system to prevent the formation of hydrates in a pipeline includes a heater assembly. The heater assembly has a vortex tube mounted on an outer surface of a first section of the pipeline and a compressed gas source. The vortex tube is configured to separate gas from an inlet into a hot gas pathway and a cold gas pathway. The vortex tube includes an inlet, a cold gas outlet, and a hot gas outlet. The hot gas outlet of the vortex tube is fluidly connected to an opening defined in the first section of the pipeline. The hot gas outlet is configured to flow hot gas from the vortex tube into an interior volume of the pipeline. The compressed gas source is fluidly connected to the inlet of the vortex tube.

A method and a facility for filling a high- or medium-voltage gas-insulated electrical apparatus in which the insulating gas comprises a mixture of heptafluoroisobutyronitrile ((CF.sub.3).sub.2CFCN) and carbon dioxide. The method and the facility using a mixture of (CF.sub.3).sub.2CFCN and CO.sub.2 in pressurised liquid form which is heated to a temperature no lower than the critical temperature of the mixture.

A system includes a discharge subsystem with at least one expander stage operable to expand and heat a high-pressure CO2 stream from an existing CO2 pipeline to generate power and output a low-pressure CO2 stream to a storage media. A charge subsystem includes at least one compression stage operable to compress and cool the low-pressure CO2 stream from the storage media and provide a recycle high-pressure CO2 stream to the existing CO2 pipeline. A thermal integration subsystem is in fluid communication with the at least one expander stage and at least one compression stage to provide heating duty and cooling duty for the heating and cooling operations, respectively. The system relies on the existing CO2 pipeline for storage of high-pressure CO2 to provide the benefits described in the disclosure. Related methods are also contemplated.

A system to prevent the formation of hydrates in a pipeline includes a heater assembly. The heater assembly has a vortex tube mounted on an outer surface of a first section of the pipeline and a compressed gas source. The vortex tube is configured to separate gas from an inlet into a hot gas pathway and a cold gas pathway. The vortex tube includes an inlet, a cold gas outlet, and a hot gas outlet. The hot gas outlet of the vortex tube is fluidly connected to an opening defined in the first section of the pipeline. The hot gas outlet is configured to flow hot gas from the vortex tube into an interior volume of the pipeline. The compressed gas source is fluidly connected to the inlet of the vortex tube.