An apparatus and process for warming a cryogenic liquid and re-cooling gas for recapture and recovery of that cryogenic gas can include recovery cryogenic gas and storing that gas in at least one storage device to avoid venting such gas to atmosphere. The stored gas can be fed to at least one heat exchanger to vaporize a cryogenic liquid being fed from at least one storage tank for dispending of that cryogenic fluid. The stored cryogenic gas can be cooled as a result of its use as a heating medium for vaporization of the cryogenic liquid and can be subsequently fed to one or more cryogenic liquid storage tanks as a cooled cryogenic gas, partially liquefied fluid that includes cryogenic liquid and cryogenic gas, or a fully liquefied cryogenic liquid for storage and subsequent use.

LNG cold energy can be recovered from the regasification process by using ice slurry. Ice slurry is used as a cold energy storage medium and heat transfer fluid. Currently, LNG at 162 C. is vaporized to city gas in heat exchange with sea water and the chilled sea water is disposed of into the sea. The cold energy recovered in a form of ice slurry at temperature of 45 C. is used for freeze and refrigeration warehouses, cooling data centers and HVAC of commercial buildings, cold energy industries, and CO.sub.2 liquefaction for CCUS. Ice slurry is produced in large capacities required for the LNG regasification process by direct contact heat transfer in the water layer with cold light solvent bubbles which are generated by the distributor nozzles being submerged in the heavy solvent layer. Toluene is used as the light solvent liquid and perfluorohexane or perfluoroheptane as the heavy solvent.

The present invention provides an integrated hydrogen production and charging system, including a hydrogen generator, a compressor, a heat exchanger, a pressure swing adsorption device, a vacuum pump, and a hydrogen charger. The hydrogen generator generates hydrogen by methanol reforming. The hydrogen generator makes the generated hydrogen pass through a palladium membrane purification device in the hydrogen generator for a first purification. The compressor compresses the hydrogen from the hydrogen generator. The heat exchanger, connected to the compressor, cools down the compressed hydrogen. The pressure swing adsorption device, connected to the heat exchanger, performs a second purification on the cooled down hydrogen by adsorption. The vacuum pump, connected to the pressure swing adsorption device, depressurizes the pressure swing adsorption device during desorption. The hydrogen charger charges the hydrogen from the pressure swing adsorption device into one or more metal alloy hydrogen storage tanks.

A hydrostatically compensated compressed air energy storage system may include an accumulator disposed underground, a gas compressor/expander subsystem in fluid communication with the accumulator interior via an air flow path; a compensation liquid reservoir spaced apart from the accumulator and in fluid communication with the layer of compensation liquid within the accumulator via a compensation liquid flow path; and a first construction shaft extending from the surface of the ground to the accumulator and being sized and configured to i) accommodate the passage of a construction apparatus therethrough when the hydrostatically compensated compressed air energy storage system is being constructed, and ii) to provide at least a portion of one of the air flow path and the compensation liquid flow path when the hydrostatically compensated compressed air energy storage system is in use.

LNG cold energy can be recovered from the regasification process by using ice slurry. Ice slurry is used as a cold energy storage medium and heat transfer fluid. Currently, LNG at 162 C. is vaporized to city gas in heat exchange with sea water and the chilled sea water is disposed of into the sea. The cold energy recovered in a form of ice slurry at temperature of 45 C. is used for freeze and refrigeration warehouses, cooling data centers and HVAC of commercial buildings, cold energy industries, and CO.sub.2 liquefaction for CCUS. Ice slurry is produced in large capacities required for the LNG regasification process by direct contact heat transfer in the water layer with cold light solvent bubbles which are generated by the distributor nozzles being submerged in the heavy solvent layer. Toluene is used as the light solvent liquid and perfluorohexane or perfluoroheptane as the heavy solvent.

Disclosed herein are a system and method which can control the generation rate of boil-off gas from liquefied hydrogen and can maintain the liquefied hydrogen storage tank at a low pressure. The method for controlling boil-off gas from liquefied hydrogen according to the present invention includes: at least two storage tanks storing liquefied hydrogen and each operated in a high-temperature mode or in a low-temperature mode, wherein the low-temperature mode includes: maintaining at least a portion of liquefied hydrogen stored in the storage tank at a first temperature being a densification temperature, and the high-temperature mode includes: maintaining at least a portion of liquefied hydrogen stored in the storage tank at a second temperature being a temperature exceeding a triple point of liquefied hydrogen through recovery of cold heat from liquefied hydrogen stored in the storage tank.

Systems and generating power in an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) operation to supply electrical power. In embodiments, an inlet temperature of a flow of gas from a source to an ORC unit may be determined. The source may connect to a main pipeline. The main pipeline may connect to a supply pipeline. The supply pipeline may connect to the ORC unit thereby to allow gas to flow from the source to the ORC unit. Heat from the flow of gas may cause the ORC unit to generate electrical power. The outlet temperature of the flow of the gas from the ORC unit to a return pipe may be determined. A flow of working fluid may be adjusted to a percentage sufficient to maintain temperature of the flow of compressed gas within the selected operating temperature range.

Systems and generating power in an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) operation to supply electrical power. In embodiments, an inlet temperature of a flow of gas from a source to an ORC unit may be determined. The source may connect to a main pipeline. The main pipeline may connect to a supply pipeline. The supply pipeline may connect to the ORC unit thereby to allow gas to flow from the source to the ORC unit. Heat from the flow of gas may cause the ORC unit to generate electrical power. The outlet temperature of the flow of the gas from the ORC unit to a return pipe may be determined. A flow of working fluid may be adjusted to a percentage sufficient to maintain temperature of the flow of compressed gas within the selected operating temperature range.