Disclosed is a spirally heating submarine pipeline including: a conduit which transports a high temperature high pressure fluid from a submarine oil well; and a heating unit disposed in a spiral structure inside based on an outer circumferential surface of the conduit. The heating unit includes an electric heating wire that is installed along the spiral structure to generate heat; a heat insulator that is installed in the form of fully surrounding the electric heating wire and preserves the generated heat; and a heat insulating cap for isolating the heat insulator from the conduit or the heat insulating layer and is provided so as to increase the temperature of the flow in the pipe to prevent the production of a pipe flow interfering material when the fluid is transported in the conduit.

Disclosed is a spirally heating submarine pipeline including: a conduit which transports a high temperature high pressure fluid from a submarine oil well; and a heating unit disposed in a spiral structure inside based on an outer circumferential surface of the conduit. The heating unit includes an electric heating wire that is installed along the spiral structure to generate heat; a heat insulator that is installed in the form of fully surrounding the electric heating wire and preserves the generated heat; and a heat insulating cap for isolating the heat insulator from the conduit or the heat insulating layer and is provided so as to increase the temperature of the flow in the pipe to prevent the production of a pipe flow interfering material when the fluid is transported in the conduit.

Hydrate remediation systems, apparatuses, and methods of making and using same including at least one pair of electrodes detachably or fixedly attached to a pipeline or flowline in a spaced relationship so that a current may be imposed across a section of the pipeline or flowline between each pair of electrodes resulting in electrical heating of the section for a time sufficient to raise a temperature of a fluid in the section of the pipeline or flowline to a temperature above a dissociation temperature of hydrates formed in the fluid.

Hydrate remediation systems, apparatuses, and methods of making and using same including at least one pair of electrodes detachably or fixedly attached to a pipeline or flowline in a spaced relationship so that a current may be imposed across a section of the pipeline or flowline between each pair of electrodes resulting in electrical heating of the section for a time sufficient to raise a temperature of a fluid in the section of the pipeline or flowline to a temperature above a dissociation temperature of hydrates formed in the fluid.

A method includes providing a length of pipeline that has a housing defining a central bore extending the length of the pipe and a space formed within the housing and extending the length of the pipe. At least one condition within the space is continuously monitored within the space to detect in real time if a change in the housing occurs.

A method includes providing a length of pipeline that has a housing defining a central bore extending the length of the pipe and a space formed within the housing and extending the length of the pipe. At least one condition within the space is continuously monitored within the space to detect in real time if a change in the housing occurs.

A heavy oil or bitumen or mixtures of heavy oil and bitumen or mixtures of a dilutant and heavy oil or bitumen is treated to separate components of the feed oil and induce reactions that crack the heavy oil or bitumen into light components. A heated inclined dual tube unit arrangement where feed oil enters the arrangement through the inner tube and which opens partway up the outer tube. Vaporized oil continues to flow up within the outer tube whereas the liquid oil product flows down the annular space between the inner and outer tubes. The vaporized oil is condensed beyond the dual tube arrangement to yield liquid oil products. Heat exchange can be done between the products and the inlet feed oil to improve the energy efficiency of the unit.

A heavy oil or bitumen or mixtures of heavy oil and bitumen or mixtures of a dilutant and heavy oil or bitumen is treated to separate components of the feed oil and induce reactions that crack the heavy oil or bitumen into light components. A heated inclined dual tube unit arrangement where feed oil enters the arrangement through the inner tube and which opens partway up the outer tube. Vaporized oil continues to flow up within the outer tube whereas the liquid oil product flows down the annular space between the inner and outer tubes. The vaporized oil is condensed beyond the dual tube arrangement to yield liquid oil products. Heat exchange can be done between the products and the inlet feed oil to improve the energy efficiency of the unit.

An apparatus includes a Polymer Thermal Expansion Based Passive Thermal Diode (PTE-PTD) that includes layers and is configured to provide passive heating and cooling of a pipeline. A polyurethane (PU) layer is provided that is configured to contact at least an upper portion along a length of a pipe. A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer is provided that is configured to surround the PU layer and the length of the pipe. A graphene layer is provided that is configured to surround an epoxy layer. An epoxy shell is provided that is configured to surround the graphene layer. An air gap on a first side of the PTE-PTD is provided. The air gap is formed by a void in the PET layer and is configured to provide additional air space between the PET layer and the PU layer. The air gap provides an upward movement of the PET layer using opposite forces of alternate sides of the PET layer. The PTE-PTD is installed on the pipeline.

An apparatus includes a Polymer Thermal Expansion Based Passive Thermal Diode (PTE-PTD) that includes layers and is configured to provide passive heating and cooling of a pipeline. A polyurethane (PU) layer is provided that is configured to contact at least an upper portion along a length of a pipe. A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer is provided that is configured to surround the PU layer and the length of the pipe. A graphene layer is provided that is configured to surround an epoxy layer. An epoxy shell is provided that is configured to surround the graphene layer. An air gap on a first side of the PTE-PTD is provided. The air gap is formed by a void in the PET layer and is configured to provide additional air space between the PET layer and the PU layer. The air gap provides an upward movement of the PET layer using opposite forces of alternate sides of the PET layer. The PTE-PTD is installed on the pipeline.