A glass stem for a highly waterproof LED filament lamp comprises an LED filament, a glass flare tube, an exhaust tube, a first lead wire having a resistance element, and a second lead wire. The first lead wire is placed in the middle of the exhaust tube. The first lead wire, the second lead wire, the top of the exhaust tube and the top of the glass flare tube are fusion-bonded together. A lower section of the exhaust tube is fused and cut off to an assembly-desired length and then fusion-sealed with the first lead wire to form a glass stem with the resistance element sealed in the middle of the exhaust tube. The first lead wire having the resistance element is disposed inside the exhaust tube, such that isolative insulation is generated between the first lead wire and a second lead wire.

A glass stem for a highly waterproof LED filament lamp comprises an LED filament, a glass flare tube, an exhaust tube, a first lead wire having a resistance element, and a second lead wire. The first lead wire is placed in the middle of the exhaust tube. The first lead wire, the second lead wire, the top of the exhaust tube and the top of the glass flare tube are fusion-bonded together. A lower section of the exhaust tube is fused and cut off to an assembly-desired length and then fusion-sealed with the first lead wire to form a glass stem with the resistance element sealed in the middle of the exhaust tube. The first lead wire having the resistance element is disposed inside the exhaust tube, such that isolative insulation is generated between the first lead wire and a second lead wire.

It is an object of the invention to provide an improved LED filament lamp (10), the LED filament lamp (10) comprising: a transparent envelope (11) provided with a transparent optical structure (12); at least one LED filament (14) enclosed by the transparent envelope (11); wherein the transparent optical structure (12) comprises a plurality of individually spaced prismatic grooves (17) and/or ridges that are at least partly aligned along a projection of the at least one LED filament (14) on the transparent envelope (11); wherein each prismatic groove (17) and/or ridge of the plurality of individually spaced prismatic grooves (17) and/or ridges comprises a refractive facet (171) oriented at a wedge angle (172) between 5 and 50 degrees with a tangent of the envelope (11) at the location of the respective prismatic groove (17) and/or ridge.

It is an object of the invention to provide an improved LED filament lamp (10), the LED filament lamp (10) comprising: a transparent envelope (11) provided with a transparent optical structure (12); at least one LED filament (14) enclosed by the transparent envelope (11); wherein the transparent optical structure (12) comprises a plurality of individually spaced prismatic grooves (17) and/or ridges that are at least partly aligned along a projection of the at least one LED filament (14) on the transparent envelope (11); wherein each prismatic groove (17) and/or ridge of the plurality of individually spaced prismatic grooves (17) and/or ridges comprises a refractive facet (171) oriented at a wedge angle (172) between 5 and 50 degrees with a tangent of the envelope (11) at the location of the respective prismatic groove (17) and/or ridge.

A light emitting diode, LED, filament arrangement (100), comprising at least one LED filament (120) comprising an array of a plurality of light emitting diodes (125), LEDs, wherein the at least one LED filament comprises a first portion (130) having a first shape, wherein the first portion is configured to emit light of a first spectral distribution, S.sub.1, in a first spatial direction, D.sub.1, and a second portion (140) having a second shape, different from the first shape, and the second portion is configured to emit light of a second spectral distribution, S.sub.2, in a second spatial direction, D.sub.2, wherein the first spectral distribution, S.sub.1, is different from the second spectral distribution, S.sub.2, and the first spatial direction, D.sub.1, is different from the second spatial direction, D.sub.2.

A light emitting diode, LED, filament arrangement (100), comprising at least one LED filament (120) comprising an array of a plurality of light emitting diodes (125), LEDs, wherein the at least one LED filament comprises a first portion (130) having a first shape, wherein the first portion is configured to emit light of a first spectral distribution, S.sub.1, in a first spatial direction, D.sub.1, and a second portion (140) having a second shape, different from the first shape, and the second portion is configured to emit light of a second spectral distribution, S.sub.2, in a second spatial direction, D.sub.2, wherein the first spectral distribution, S.sub.1, is different from the second spectral distribution, S.sub.2, and the first spatial direction, D.sub.1, is different from the second spatial direction, D.sub.2.

Apparatus and associated methods relate to an energy efficient and pollution reducing post top lamp. In an illustrative example, a replaceable light unit (RLU) includes a LED package distributed about a first axis of the RLU. The LED package, for example, may emit a light being redirected by a first optical element to generate a first optical distribution along a first optical axis in a first direction, the first optical axis being substantially parallel to the first axis. The first optical distribution may be, for example, reflected by a second optical element such that at least a portion of the light in the first optical distribution may be reflected into a second optical distribution. For example, at least fifty percent of the light in the second optical distribution may be greater than fifty degrees from the first optical axis. Various embodiments may advantageously conserve energy and/or reduce light pollution.

Apparatus and associated methods relate to an energy efficient and pollution reducing post top lamp. In an illustrative example, a replaceable light unit (RLU) includes a LED package distributed about a first axis of the RLU. The LED package, for example, may emit a light being redirected by a first optical element to generate a first optical distribution along a first optical axis in a first direction, the first optical axis being substantially parallel to the first axis. The first optical distribution may be, for example, reflected by a second optical element such that at least a portion of the light in the first optical distribution may be reflected into a second optical distribution. For example, at least fifty percent of the light in the second optical distribution may be greater than fifty degrees from the first optical axis. Various embodiments may advantageously conserve energy and/or reduce light pollution.

A conductive structure comprising: a plurality of conductive devices; a first conductive spring sheet, comprising a first connecting point; and a second conductive spring sheet, comprising a second connecting point. Each of the conductive devices comprises a first conductive end and a second conductive end. The second conductive end is connected to the second connecting point, and the first conductive end is connected to the first connecting point corresponding to the second connecting point to which the second conductive end is connected.

A conductive structure comprising: a plurality of conductive devices; a first conductive spring sheet, comprising a first connecting point; and a second conductive spring sheet, comprising a second connecting point. Each of the conductive devices comprises a first conductive end and a second conductive end. The second conductive end is connected to the second connecting point, and the first conductive end is connected to the first connecting point corresponding to the second connecting point to which the second conductive end is connected.