A segregated steam system and process in a hydrogen production facility wherein boiler feed water is heated by indirect heat exchange with a reformate, the heated boiler feed water is used to heat water condensate formed from the reformate, the heated water condensate is passed to a first steam drum for producing steam for a reformer feed gas mixture, and a second portion of the heated boiler feed water is passed to a second steam drum for producing steam for export.

A process for reducing pressure of a vapor stream used for reducing a temperature or pressure in a reactor. A pressure of a vapor stream is reduced with a turbine to provide a lower pressure vapor stream. The vapor stream rotates a turbine wheel within the turbine. The turbine wheel is configured to transmit rotational movement to an electrical generator. Thus, electricity is generated with the turbine. The lower pressure vapor stream is injected into a reactor and reduces a temperature in the reactor or reduces a partial pressure of a hydrocarbon vapor in the reactor.

A process for reducing pressure of a vapor stream used for reducing a temperature or pressure in a reactor. A pressure of a vapor stream is reduced with a turbine to provide a lower pressure vapor stream. The vapor stream rotates a turbine wheel within the turbine. The turbine wheel is configured to transmit rotational movement to an electrical generator. Thus, electricity is generated with the turbine. The lower pressure vapor stream is injected into a reactor and reduces a temperature in the reactor or reduces a partial pressure of a hydrocarbon vapor in the reactor.

An Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) device and method for transforming waste heat from a heat source containing compressed gas into mechanical energy. The ORC includes a closed circuit containing a two-phase working fluid, the circuit including a liquid pump for circulating the working fluid in the circuit consecutively through an evaporator which is in thermal contact with the heat source; through an expander like a turbine for transforming the thermal energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy; and through a condenser which is in thermal contact with a cooling element. The ORC determines the mechanical energy generated by the expander. A control device regulates the fraction of the working fluid entering the expander based on the determined mechanical energy such that the mechanical energy generated by the expander is maximum.

A recovery system is provided to recover energy from heat. In an embodiment, the system includes an evaporator to receive a flow of natural gas at a first temperature and output the flow at a second, lower temperature. The evaporator may receive a flow of cooling media to cool the natural gas and output a flow of heated cooling media. The system may further include: a heat-to-mechanical energy converter coupled to the evaporator to receive the flow of heated cooling media and to output first cooled cooling media; an induction generator coupled to be driven by the heat-to-mechanical energy converter; a medium voltage drive coupled to receive power from the induction generator and to condition the power for output to an electrical distribution system; and a condenser to condense the first cooled cooling media to provide the flow of cooling media to the evaporator.

A shell-and-tube apparatus (1), suitable for use as a waste heat boiler, comprising a vessel with an exchanging section (2) and a separating section (3), wherein: said exchanging section (2) contains a bundle of U-tubes (4) fed with an evaporable liquid medium such as water (W) and exposed to a hot gas (G) flowing in a hot chamber around said tubes, so that said medium is partially evaporated in the tubes while recovering heat from hot gas flowing in the hot chamber (7); said separating section (3) comprises a collection chamber (16) in communication with outlet of the tubes (4) to receive the partially evaporated medium leaving the tubes; said separating section (3) is arranged to provide separation of vapour fraction and liquid fraction from the partially evaporated medium at least partially by gravity; the apparatus also comprises means for controlling the liquid level in the collection chamber and for a partial recycle of the non-evaporated liquid.

A distributed Biogas Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Generator can provide automatically hot water and electricity for local applications. Since biogas is produced by an anaerobic digester from human, animal, kitchen and agriculture's wastes, it is a short term recycled product from the photosynthesis of CO.sub.2, and has a net zero carbon emission.

The sulfur compounds in the biogas can be removed by the following steps: (1). converting all sulfur compounds into H.sub.2S by the hydrogen produced from the biogas over Pt group metal catalysts; (2). adsorbing the H.sub.2S at high temperature by the regenerable Pt group metal catalyst and adsorbents.

The desulfurized biogas is further converted by an ATR/CPO reformer or a steam generating reformer to produce various reformates, which can be connected to a downstream IC engine/gas turbine, and/or a steam turbine to drive electric generators for generating electricity. The hot reformate and the exhaust gases can be cooled in heat exchangers to produce hot water/hot air.

A distributed Biogas Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Generator can provide automatically hot water and electricity for local applications. Since biogas is produced by an anaerobic digester from human, animal, kitchen and agriculture's wastes, it is a short term recycled product from the photosynthesis of CO.sub.2, and has a net zero carbon emission. The sulfur compounds in the biogas can be removed by the following steps: (1), converting all sulfur compounds into H.sub.2S by the hydrogen produced from the biogas over Pt group metal catalysts; (2). adsorbing the H.sub.2S at high temperature by the regenerable Pt group metal catalyst and adsorbents. The desulfurized biogas is further converted by an ATR/CPO reformer or a steam generating reformer to produce various reformates, which can be connected to a downstream 1C engine/gas turbine, and/or a steam turbine to drive electric generators for generating electricity. The hot reformate and the exhaust gases can be cooled in heat exchangers to produce hot water/hot air.

A system and process is provided for generating power from a syngas fermentation process. The process includes contacting hot syngas having a temperature above about 1400 F. with cooled syngas to produce a pre-cooled syngas having a temperature of 1400 F. or less at an inlet of a waste heat boiler. A waste heat boiler receives the pre-cooled syngas and is effective for producing waste heat boiler high pressure steam and a cooled syngas.

An apparatus and method to desulfurize a biogas containing sulfur. Since biogas is produced by an anaerobic digester from human, animal, kitchen and agriculture's wastes, it is a short term recycled product from the photosynthesis of CO.sub.2, and has a net zero carbon emission. The sulfur compounds in the biogas can be removed by the following steps: (1) converting all sulfur compounds into H.sub.2S by the hydrogen produced from the biogas over Pt group metal catalysts; (2) adsorbing the H.sub.2S at high temperature by the regenerable Pt group metal catalyst and adsorbents. The desulfurized biogas is further converted by an ATR/CPO reformer or a steam generating reformer to produce various reformates.