A combustion system includes a fuel and oxidant source that outputs fuel and oxidant, a first perforated flame holder, and a second perforated flame holder separated from the first perforated flame holder by a gap. The first and second perforated flame holders sustain a combustion reaction of the fuel and oxidant within the first and second perforated flame holders.

[Problem] To provide a water heating apparatus which has a inverse combustion type burner installed within a case for a heat exchanger so as to cause heat to be transferred from an outer peripheral flange of the burner to the heat exchanger case. [Solution] This water heating apparatus is provided with: a fan for supplying combustion air; a chamber case which is connected to the fan and which has set therein a chamber where an air-fuel mixture is formed; a inverse combustion type burner for combusting the air-fuel mixture supplied from the chamber; a heat exchanger in which combustion gas generated by the burner is introduced into a case where water is heated; and sealing member which is installed between a peripheral flange of the chamber case and a peripheral flange of the case, wherein the burner is set inside the case, and an outer peripheral flange of the burner is anchored to an inner wall surface of the case.

An abatement method is disclosed. The method comprises: supplying a combustion chamber of an abatement apparatus with an effluent stream containing a perfluoro compound, together with combustion reagents and a diluent; heating a combustion zone of said combustion chamber by reacting said combustion reagents to perform abatement of said perfluoro compound to stable by-products, said diluent being selected to remain inert during said abatement. In this way, the perfluoro or other compound is abated in the combustion chamber during the combustion of the combustion reagents, but without creating undesirable compounds such as, for example, NOx or other compounds.

The air-fuel mixture permeable member is disposed to overlap that surface of the burner frame which lies opposite to the burner body. The fixing frame is disposed so as to be fixed to the inner peripheral portion of the enclosing frame part of the burner frame by pinching the air-fuel mixture permeable member between the inner peripheral portion and the fixing frame. The air-fuel mixture permeable member has an extended part protruding outward beyond the fixing frame so as to cover by this extended part an outer peripheral portion of the enclosing frame part.

An outer peripheral edge part of the air-fuel mixture permeable member is connected to a portion away outward by a predetermined distance from an inner peripheral edge of the burner frame. Between the burner frame and the air-fuel mixture permeable member a clearance reaching the inner peripheral edge of the burner frame is secured at a position inward of the outer peripheral part of the air-fuel mixture permeable member. Preferably, a bent edge part formed on an inner peripheral edge of the burner frame, in a manner to be bent toward the air-fuel mixture permeable member. The amount of the air-fuel mixture to flow into the clearance is limited to a smaller amount.

A premix gas burner comprises a main body, a porous wall, a distribution chamber delimited by the main body and by the porous wall, and an entrance in the main body for introducing a premix of combustible gas and air into the distribution chamber. The main body comprises a cylindrical shape. The porous wall comprises a first porous wall segment and a second porous wall segment. The first porous wall segment and the second porous wall segment both comprise pores for the premix gas to flow from the distribution chamber through the pores, for combustion of the premix gas outside the distribution chamber. The first porous wall segment comprises or consists out of a shaped segment. The shaped segment is directed to the inside of the distribution chamber, such that when the burner is in use premix gas flows from the distribution chamber through the pores of the shaped segment to the inside of the shaped segment. The second porous wall segment comprises an annular porous wall segment. The annular porous wall segment is provided at the base of the shaped segment. The base of the shaped element is provided at the side of the shaped element opposite to the location of the entrance in the main body.

A new and improved gas fired burner unit that can be utilized in applications where low emissions and high efficiency are desired including a burner body having a lower housing unit with a bottom portion, a distribution element located above the bottom portion, a burner deck located above the distribution element, and a metal fiber mesh element located above the burner deck. The burner deck supports the metal fiber mesh and spaces the metal fiber mesh from the internal distribution element to define a burner head. At least one inlet conduit communicates with the burner body and extends into the burner body to deliver a gas/air mixture to the burner body in a region located below the distribution element and above the bottom portion of the lower housing unit. The burner head has a permeability greater than 700 liters per hour, and the bottom portion of the lower housing unit includes a plurality of ribs providing added rigidity to the burner body and eliminating combustion noise.

An atmospheric gas water heater includes a burner assembly. The burner assembly includes a burner having a body, and a screen member coupled to the body. A conduit is fluidly connected to the body. The conduit has an open end configured to receive gas and air. The flow of gas and air from the open end through the conduit to the body and past the screen member is defined as a downstream direction. The screen member defines a zone of combustion. The gas and the air is 100% premixed together upstream of the zone of combustion. The body of the burner has a first segment extending between a first end and a second end, and second and third segments extending from the first segment. The second segment and the third segment extend parallel to and spaced apart from each other to form a U-shape.

A plaque for a radiant heating system can include a main body defining an outer surface and a plurality of pores defined within the main body, wherein at least some of the plurality of pores are disposed in a non-parallel relationship with at least some others of the plurality of pores, or wherein at least some of the pores are parallel with each other. A burner assembly including a plurality of adjacently arranged plaques reduces the ignition time and delay for adjacent plaques after the central plaque has been ignited.

A burner includes a primary input port configured to receive hydrogen-containing fuel and primary oxygen-containing gas. A fuel-distribution element comprises a plurality of distribution openings. A flashback arrestor element comprises a plurality of flashback arrestor element channels with a mean width that is smaller than a critical flame quench diameter of the hydrogen-containing fuel. A burner housing can be provided, and the burner housing, fuel distribution element, and flashback arrestor element can be made of plastic and by 3D printing. A combustion element includes a plurality of combustion element apertures configured to cause the burner to produce a flame and/or infrared heat, wherein a mean width of the combustion element apertures is 2-4 times larger than the mean width of the flashback arrestor element channels. A method of heating and a heating system are also disclosed. The combustion element can also be equipped for resistive heating.