There is provided a continuous combustion system for iron particles. The system comprising a multi-annular combustion tube defining in cross-section at least three distinct passages from its inlet to its outlet. A first tube that is innermost, defines a first passage providing a primary air flow with suspended iron particles. A second tube, defines an inner annular space providing a secondary air flow, a pilot combustible flow, and an ignition point of a spark generator. A third tube defines a third passage comprises a swirl generator and provides a tertiary air flow. The tubes are nested in position within the multi-annular combustion tube. The system comprises a divergent nozzle at the outlet of the multi-annular combustion tube: a combustion reactor in fluid communication with the divergent nozzle, for the generation and stabilization of a turbulent iron flame that burns the iron particles and produces oxidized iron particles; and a cyclone.

The present invention provides methods and system for power generation using a high efficiency combustor in combination with a CO.sub.2 circulating fluid. The methods and systems advantageously can make use of a low pressure ratio power turbine and an economizer heat exchanger in specific embodiments. Additional low grade heat from an external source can be used to provide part of an amount of heat needed for heating the recycle CO.sub.2 circulating fluid. Fuel derived CO.sub.2 can be captured and delivered at pipeline pressure. Other impurities can be captured.

A method for recapturing sulfur in a chemical looping system includes receiving a flue gas stream containing a sulfur-containing species, reducing a temperature of the flue gas stream, introducing a calcium-based makeup material to the reduced temperature flue gas stream, capturing the sulfur-containing species from the reduced temperature flue gas stream, and recycling the sulfur-containing species to a reducer of the chemical looping system.

A method for efficiently conveying impurities in a pressurized fluidized incinerator system is provided. Cleaning gas is supplied to an upper valve, and thereafter, the upper valve is driven so as to communicate an upper discharge device and a tank. The upper discharge device is driven so as to convey the impurities from the dust collector to the tank, and thereafter, the upper discharge device is stopped and the upper valve is driven so as not to communicate the upper discharge device and the tank. Thereafter, the supply of the cleaning gas to the upper valve is stopped.

A bio-fuel furnace for use in waste management, non-combustible particulate collection and useable energy production. The bio-fuel furnace includes a combustion unit, a particle separator, an airflow management system. The combustion unit includes a modular ceramic core of stacked cylindrical sections, which store thermal energy. The stacked core sections form an internal combustion chamber and an expansion chamber. The airflow management system regulates airflow through the combustion unit and the particle separator forcing super heated ambient air into the combustion unit and drawing exhaust air from the particle separator to precisely control both the combustion process and the storage of useable thermal energy. The airflow management system includes a series of preheat coils wrapped around the ceramic core, an inlet fan which forces ambient air through the coil into the combustion unit and an exhaust fan that draws exhaust air through the separator and from the combustion unit.

A smokeless incinerator burns unburned gas to inhibit generation of black smoke. The incinerator contains a first combustion chamber with a main combustor having firebrick walls into which waste is thrown and an auxiliary burner for burning the waste. A water cooling jacket is located above the main combustor. A second combustion chamber is located on top of the first combustion chamber and has a re-burning burner for unburned gas. A filter-equipped combustion chamber is aligned with and adjacent the second combustion chamber and has a ceramic filter. A third combustion chamber is aligned with and adjacent to the filter-equipped combustion chamber and has a dust collection cyclone. A fourth combustion chamber is located on top of the third combustion chamber and has a re-burning burner for unburned gas. An exhaust stack is located on top of the fourth combustion chamber and has a forced exhaust.

Fractionation, the process used by refineries to break down carbon chains of petroleum compounds so that the desired carbon compound can be achieved. This process typically involves high heat, distillation, re-boiling, and energy intensive cooling processes. This application discloses an invention that will condense vapor produced by a pyrolysis reactor. This system uses one standard cyclone; three cascading cyclones with internal cyclonic rotation fins that force incoming vapor to maintain a fixed amount of rotation regardless of the vapor's velocity, heat sinks that increase condensation, reversing fins that force gases to reverse direction inside the cyclone decreasing vapor velocity to increase heat loss; a main collection tank that allows for the controlling of the fuel flash point; a compact low temperature coil cooler that uses 100 percent of the cooling surface that allows for the production of higher quality fuel; and, bubblers/scrubbers that produce back pressure into the pyrolysis reactor.

The present invention provides methods and system for power generation using a high efficiency combustor in combination with a CO.sub.2 circulating fluid. The methods and systems advantageously can make use of a low pressure ratio power turbine and an economizer heat exchanger in specific embodiments. Additional low grade heat from an external source can be used to provide part of an amount of heat needed for heating the recycle CO.sub.2 circulating fluid. Fuel derived CO.sub.2 can be captured and delivered at pipeline pressure. Other impurities can be captured.

A ground supported power boiler is described combining a refractory lined and insulated conical floor; an insulated cylindrical combustion chamber; a cylindrical furnace with water tube wall; a rectangular convective section; a single vertical steam drum; tangential injection of the fuel and combustion air; means for fluidizing the fuel bed; means for selectively stripping particulates from the flue gases; multi-stage particulate stripping and filtering from flue gases, means for using the walls of steam drum as steam/water droplet separator, means for recirculating and capturing heat from the flue gases; means for pressurizing the interior of the boiler above atmospheric pressure; means for heating and drying fuel prior to feeding the fuel to the boiler; means for creating hydrogen shift reaction; means for eliminating any need for sootblowing; and designed to not require the use of an induced draft fan.

The invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor, comprising a reaction chamber and a centrifugal separator having a common wall with the reaction chamber.