A building envelope for a building wall, floor, or roof of a building, includes at least two shells spaced some distance apart from one another, which encloses an intermediate space therebetween, the shells including an exterior-facing shell configured to face an exterior of the building, and an interior-facing shell configured to face an interior of the building. The shells spaced apart from one another are filled with a building material and optionally include structural reinforcement and supply-engineering elements.

The present disclosure discloses a heating adjustment method and device, which belongs to the field of thermal system management technologies. The method includes: calculating an average indoor temperature of a cell, wherein the average indoor temperature of the cell is an average value of a real-time indoor temperature of each dwelling unit in the cell; judging whether the average indoor temperature is within a standard temperature range; and adjusting at least one of a water pump flow and a water temperature supplied to the cell when the average indoor temperature is not within the standard temperature range. When the average indoor temperature of the current cell is abnormal, the temperature of the cell is restored to a standard value by adjusting the water pump flow and the water temperature for heating, thus the response speed is fast, the reliability is high, the user experience is improved and energy is saved.

For balancing a hydronic network that comprises a plurality of parallel zones with a regulating valve in each zone, individual flow characteristics are determined (S1) for each of the regulating valves, by recording the total flow of fluid measured at different valve positions of a respective regulating valve, while the remaining other regulating valves are set to a closed valve position. Dependent flow characteristics are determined (S2) by recording the total flow of fluid measured at different valve positions of the respective regulating valve, while the remaining other regulating valves are set to an open valve position. Correction factors are determined (S3) for each of the regulating valves, using the individual flow characteristics and the dependent flow characteristics. The hydronic network is balanced (S4) by setting the valve positions of the regulating valves using target flows and the correction factors.

A hot water unit fluid supply control system for a hot water unit is disclosed. The hot water unit has a heating system that is operable in a heating cycle to heat up water in at least a first region of the water unit, and a sensor arrangement for sensing a temperature of water of the hot water unit. The control system comprises a control unit configured to: receive operational data relating to an operation of the heating system; receive temperature data from the sensor arrangement; and allow for a volume of water from the first region to be released from the hot water unit as treated water or usable water based on: the operational data, and the temperature data from the sensor arrangement.

Controlling heating and cooling in a conditioned space utilizes a fluid circulating in a thermally conductive structure in fluid connection with a hydronic-to-air heat exchanger and a ground heat exchanger. Air is moved past the hydronic-to-air heat exchanger, the air having fresh air supply and stale air exhaust. Sensors located throughout the conditioned space send data to a controller. User input to the controller sets the desired set point temperature and humidity. Based upon the set point temperature and humidity and sensor data, the controller sends signals to various devices to manipulate the flow of the fluid and the air in order to achieve the desired set point temperature and humidity in the conditioned space. The temperature of the fluid is kept less than the dew point at the hydronic-to-air heat exchanger and the temperature of the fluid is kept greater than the dew point at the thermally conductive structure.

A residential and commercial sewerage and water drainage safety system and device that includes at least one hollow pipe, with a plugged or sealed top end and a fitting on the bottom end for connecting the pipe in a substantially vertical mounting position into the sewerage or water drainage system, and at least one float switch disposed in the pipe and electrically connected with a water shut off valve, where the pipe is adopted for the flow and accumulation of fluid, so that the float switch activates as the pipe fills with fluid and shuts off the water valve, promoting safer sewerage and water drainage system operation. Additional float switches positioned above or below in the hollow pipe may provide additional functions, such as a warning light and sound to the owner, or a notification via a telephone or cell phone system or through the home network or Wi-Fi system.

A heating control system is provided for a multi-occupancy building. The heating control system uses a plurality of mobile devices, for example mobile telephones or tablet computers, which connect to a multiple-access-point wireless data network within the building. The wireless access points provide a controller with details of devices connected to each access point, so that occupancy of each heating zone can be estimated. The mobile devices can be used by occupants to send messages to the controller requesting increases or decreases in temperature. In this way, the temperature of heating zones within the building may be regulated taking into account the preferences of all occupants.

An outdoor-use heating mat includes a mat body, a water container, a substance container, and a first circulating pump. The water container is disposed in the mat body. The water container has a first inlet and a first outlet. The substance container is configured to hold a substance that can chemically react with water and release thermal energy. The substance container has a second inlet, a second outlet, and a normally closed feed port. Two ends of the first circulating pump are in communication with the first outlet and the second inlet, respectively. The second outlet is in communication with the first inlet. The outdoor-use heating mat can be heated, easy to carry.

A residential and commercial sewerage and water drainage safety system and device that includes at least one hollow pipe, with a plugged or sealed top end and a fitting on the bottom end for connecting the pipe in a substantially vertical mounting position into the sewerage or water drainage system, and at least one float switch disposed in the pipe and electrically connected with a water shut off valve, where the pipe is adopted for the flow and accumulation of fluid, so that the float switch activates as the pipe fills with fluid and shuts off the water valve, promoting safer sewerage and water drainage system operation. Additional float switches positioned above or below in the hollow pipe may provide additional functions, such as a warning light and sound to the owner, or a notification via a telephone or cell phone system or through the home network or Wi-Fi system.

A residential and commercial hot water and steam boiler safety system and device that includes at least one hollow pipe, with one plugged or sealed end and a fitting on the other end for connecting the pipe in a substantially vertical mounting position, and at least one two float switch disposed in the pipe and electrically connected in series with a limit switch in the boiler, where the pipe is adopted for the flow and accumulation of water, so that float switch activates as the pipe fills with water and shuts off the boiler by turning off the gas valve, promoting safer boiler and steam boiler operation. Additional float switches positioned above or below in the hollow pipe may provide additional functions, such as a warning light and sound to the owner, or a notification via a telephone or cell phone system or through the home network or Wi-Fi system.