The present invention provides a water-based coating and/or coating system used to form sag resistant wet layers or coatings on a wide range of substrates. The coating system is effective for protecting metal-containing substrates, such as intermodal cargo containers, against corrosion. As an overview, the present invention provides water-based compositions as primer coats on substrates, and methods for applying the same to substrates. The method includes steps of applying a water-based paint to the interior surfaces of a substrate and drying the substrate by continuously forcing heated air onto the substrate as it moves through a drying chamber. Desirably, the primer incorporates a high level of one or more CAS agents for excellent sag resistance while drying in a broad range of relative humidity environments. Alternatively, modifications can be made to control temperature and humidity during spray application and drying as a way to increase sag resistance of the coating.

A paint drying device where leakage of air between a drying chamber and a driving section accommodating chamber is prevented reliably. In the paint drying device in which the drying chamber and the driving section accommodating chamber communicate with each other via a through hole through which a power transmission tool extends, there are provided an air feeding passage for feeding air present outside the drying chamber to the driving section accommodating chamber by an air feeding fan and an exhaust passage for discharging air in the driving section accommodating chamber to the outside of the drying chamber by an exhaust fan. An air amount adjustment device is provided for adjusting a ratio between an amount of air to be fed to the driving section accommodating chamber via the air feeding passage and an amount of air to be discharged from the driving section accommodating chamber via the exhaust passage.

A paint drying device where leakage of air between a drying chamber and a driving section accommodating chamber is prevented reliably. In the paint drying device in which the drying chamber and the driving section accommodating chamber communicate with each other via a through hole through which a power transmission tool extends, there are provided an air feeding passage for feeding air present outside the drying chamber to the driving section accommodating chamber by an air feeding fan and an exhaust passage for discharging air in the driving section accommodating chamber to the outside of the drying chamber by an exhaust fan. An air amount adjustment device is provided for adjusting a ratio between an amount of air to be fed to the driving section accommodating chamber via the air feeding passage and an amount of air to be discharged from the driving section accommodating chamber via the exhaust passage.

In order to provide a treatment installation for treating workpieces that is of simple construction and enables optimised workpiece treatment, it is proposed that the treatment installation should include a treatment chamber and a conveying device, by means of which the workpieces are suppliable to the treatment chamber, are removable from the treatment chamber, and/or are conveyable through the treatment chamber in a conveying direction.

In order to provide a treatment installation for treating workpieces that is of simple construction and enables optimised workpiece treatment, it is proposed that the treatment installation should include a treatment chamber and a conveying device, by means of which the workpieces are suppliable to the treatment chamber, are removable from the treatment chamber, and/or are conveyable through the treatment chamber in a conveying direction.

Embodiments provide a multi-pass kiln with two or more chambers, an entrance and an exit at a proximal end of the kiln, and a reciprocal flow path extending through the kiln from the entrance to the exit. Lumber charges traveling along the reciprocal flow path may travel in a first direction along one side of the heated second chamber before traveling in a substantially opposite second direction along the opposite side of the second chamber. The distal end of the kiln may be substantially sealed, and a pressure differential between the distal end and the proximal end may draw moist heated air from the heated chamber toward the exit and entry to preheat and/or condition lumber charges traveling through the first chamber.

Embodiments provide a multi-pass kiln with two or more chambers, an entrance and an exit at a proximal end of the kiln, and a reciprocal flow path extending through the kiln from the entrance to the exit. Lumber charges traveling along the reciprocal flow path may travel in a first direction along one side of the heated second chamber before traveling in a substantially opposite second direction along the opposite side of the second chamber. The distal end of the kiln may be substantially sealed, and a pressure differential between the distal end and the proximal end may draw moist heated air from the heated chamber toward the exit and entry to preheat and/or condition lumber charges traveling through the first chamber.

A modular oven structure includes a frame, a circulation fan at a top of the frame, a tunnel air inlet chamber, a tunnel air return chamber, a tunnel drying chamber between the tunnel air inlet and tunnel air return chambers, a tunnel air inlet plate including air apertures and between the tunnel air inlet and tunnel drying chambers, a tunnel air return plate including air apertures and between the tunnel air return and tunnel drying chambers, a fan air inlet chamber above the tunnel drying chamber, a fan air outlet chamber between the fan air inlet chamber and the top of the frame, a heater, a temperature control system, and a control device. The temperature control system includes one or more temperature sensors in the tunnel air inlet, tunnel air return, and/or tunnel drying chamber.

In order to create a device for minimizing a fluid exchange between adjacent spaces, which is of simple construction and enables an efficient fluidic separation of two adjacent spaces, it is proposed that the device preferably comprises the following: a nozzle device, by means of which a separating fluid stream is introducible into a transition region between the adjacent spaces; and a moveable cover element, by means of which a connecting opening connecting the two adjacent spaces to each other is coverable or closeable at least in sections.

A paint drying device where leakage of air between a drying chamber and a driving section accommodating chamber is prevented reliably. In the paint drying device in which the drying chamber and the driving section accommodating chamber communicate with each other via a through hole through which a power transmission tool extends, there are provided an air feeding passage for feeding air present outside the drying chamber to the driving section accommodating chamber by an air feeding fan) and an exhaust passage for discharging air in the driving section accommodating chamber to the outside of the drying chamber by an exhaust fan. An air amount adjustment device is provided for adjusting a ratio between an amount of air to be fed to the driving section accommodating chamber via the air feeding passage and an amount of air to be discharged from the driving section accommodating chamber via the exhaust passage.