In some embodiments, an arrow comprises a shaft comprising a tubular wall comprising a cavity and a nock comprising a notch arranged to engage a bowstring. An intake inlet is in fluid communication with the cavity and an exhaust outlet is in fluid communication with the cavity.

A projectile for use in a cartridge having a longitudinal axis, a leading end region, a trailing end region, and a chamber therebetween. The projectile is mounted in the leading end region and has a base. The base of the projectile is provided with one or more aerodynamically contoured features that receive forces generated by a propellant. The aerodynamically contoured features are concave or convex or are a combination of concave and convex so that some of the forces produce forwardly directed and rotational motion of the projectile.

A projectile for use in a cartridge having a longitudinal axis, a leading end region, a trailing end region, and a chamber therebetween. The projectile is mounted in the leading end region and has a base. The base of the projectile is provided with one or more aerodynamically contoured features that receive forces generated by a propellant. The aerodynamically contoured features are concave or convex or are a combination of concave and convex so that some of the forces produce forwardly directed and rotational motion of the projectile.

The present disclosure provides a projectile with a self-contained internal chamber. Reaction of propellant inside the internal chamber can generate high pressure and the resultant exhaust gases can be used for projectile linear acceleration, rotational acceleration or other purposes. Torque can be produced by exhausting the pressure via radially placed, tangential nozzles or other outlets and can be configured to induce sufficient projectile spin to stabilize the projectile without the need for barrel rifling. The internal chamber may be separate or integral to the projectile itself. The projectile may include two or more chambers or compartments internal to the chambers. The disclosed projectile allows for higher pressures in the internal chamber than in the barrel and greater flexibility on pressure manipulation in the barrel and the projectile, allowing for a more efficient propellant combustion and manipulation of projectile characteristics such as muzzle and rotational speeds.

The present disclosure provides a projectile with a self-contained internal chamber. Reaction of propellant inside the internal chamber can generate high pressure and the resultant exhaust gases can be used for projectile linear acceleration, rotational acceleration or other purposes. Torque can be produced by exhausting the pressure via radially placed, tangential nozzles or other outlets and can be configured to induce sufficient projectile spin to stabilize the projectile without the need for barrel rifling. The internal chamber may be separate or integral to the projectile itself. The projectile may include two or more chambers or compartments internal to the chambers. The disclosed projectile allows for higher pressures in the internal chamber than in the barrel and greater flexibility on pressure manipulation in the barrel and the projectile, allowing for a more efficient propellant combustion and manipulation of projectile characteristics such as muzzle and rotational speeds.

A method of making a projectile apparatus is provided that includes making one or components of the apparatus using an additive manufacture technique such as 3-D printing or laser-aided additive manufacture. The projectile apparatus can have a projectile, a propellant, and one or more optional components such as a wading, a sabot, and an intermediary device. The projectile can be fired through a barrel having a smooth bore. Additive manufacture methods can be used that involve forming components from superalloys having nanoparticles incorporated therein. The projectile apparatus can convert gas pressure or gas velocity into a high rate of projectile spin. The projectile has long-range accuracy due to a high or sustainable velocity and high rate of spin.

A method of making a projectile apparatus is provided that includes making one or components of the apparatus using an additive manufacture technique such as 3-D printing or laser-aided additive manufacture. The projectile apparatus can have a projectile, a propellant, and one or more optional components such as a wading, a sabot, and an intermediary device. The projectile can be fired through a barrel having a smooth bore. Additive manufacture methods can be used that involve forming components from superalloys having nanoparticles incorporated therein. The projectile apparatus can convert gas pressure or gas velocity into a high rate of projectile spin. The projectile has long-range accuracy due to a high or sustainable velocity and high rate of spin.

A projectile apparatus is provided that includes a projectile, a propellant, and optional components such as a wading, a sabot, and an intermediary device. The projectile can be fired through a barrel having a smooth bore. A sabot is provided that can include molded features, for example, a base portion and a plurality of petal portions defining, in-part, a volume for accommodating a projectile. The sabot and wadding can include molded features that control and direct gases produced by the propellant. The apparatus can convert gas pressure or gas velocity into a high rate of projectile spin. The projectile has long-range accuracy due to a high or sustainable velocity and high rate of spin.

A projectile apparatus is provided that includes a projectile, a propellant, and optional components such as a wading, a sabot, and an intermediary device. The projectile can be fired through a barrel having a smooth bore. A sabot is provided that can include molded features, for example, a base portion and a plurality of petal portions defining, in-part, a volume for accommodating a projectile. The sabot and wadding can include molded features that control and direct gases produced by the propellant. The apparatus can convert gas pressure or gas velocity into a high rate of projectile spin. The projectile has long-range accuracy due to a high or sustainable velocity and high rate of spin.

A projectile for use in a cartridge having a longitudinal axis, a leading end region, a trailing end region, and a chamber therebetween. The projectile is mounted in the leading end region and has a base. The base of the projectile is provided with one or more aerodynamically contoured features that receive forces generated by a propellant. The aerodynamically contoured features are concave or convex or are a combination of concave and convex so that some of the forces produce forwardly directed and rotational motion of the projectile.