An ammonia-rich combustion coupled dual-mode prechamber ammonia-fueled engine control system is provided, including an ammonia-fueled engine and an electronic control unit. The ammonia-fueled engine includes a combustion chamber, a dual-mode jet ignition device, and an ammonia injector. The dual-mode jet ignition device includes a prechamber, an air injector, and a fuel injector. When the engine operates, ammonia fuel is firstly injected into the combustion chamber by the ammonia injector to form a rich ammonia-air mixture with air in the combustion chamber. During a compression stroke of the engine, the rich ammonia-air mixture in the combustion chamber is entered into the prechamber through a jet hole. The air injector performs scavenging in the prechamber until a equivalence ratio of prechamber gas mixture is less than 1.0, and then the fuel injector injects fuel into the prechamber forming target mixture. Finally, the target mixture is ignited by the spark plug.

An engine controller, for an internal combustion engine, is configured to: control at least one actuator to provide an air-fuel mixture with a lambda value higher than 3 to a main combustion chamber via at least one intake valve, wherein the at least one actuator is arranged upstream of at least one intake port or which is arranged in the intake port; control at least one fuel supply system to provide fuel directly to the main combustion chamber and/or a pre-combustion chamber of a piston-cylinder unit such that at the time of ignition of the air-fuel mixture the lambda value of that air-fuel mixture in the main combustion chamber is lower than the lambda value of the air-fuel mixture provided to the main combustion chamber via the at least one intake valve.