A piston for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The piston is configured to reciprocate along a centre axis of the piston during operation in an engine. The piston comprises a number of fuel directing surfaces arranged at a distance from a top surface of the piston measured along the centre axis. Each fuel directing surface is configured to direct a fuel spray sprayed onto the fuel directing surface. The fuel directing surfaces are arranged with gaps between two adjacent fuel directing surfaces. The present disclosure further relates to an engine comprising a piston and a vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine.

A diesel engine comprises: a cylinder head covering one end of a cylinder; a piston having a crown surface opposed to the cylinder head and reciprocatingly movable in the cylinder; and a fuel injection valve attached to the cylinder head, wherein the crown surface of the piston is formed with a cavity which is concaved toward a side opposite to the cylinder head, and has a round shape in top plan view, and the fuel injection valve is formed with a nozzle hole directed toward the inside of the cavity, and wherein a wall surface defining the cavity has a wall segment formed in a periphery of the cavity at a position deviated from a directional direction of the nozzle hole and protruding toward a radially inward side of the piston in approximately parallel to a plane including a central axis of the piston.

A piston for an internal combustion engine includes a crown portion having a bowl that includes a plurality of protrusions. Each of the plurality of protrusions includes a first side surface and a second side surface, the first side surface having a generally concave shape, the second side surface having a generally flat or convex shape.

A fuel injector for injecting fuel vapour into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The injector has a central axis and is mountable to the internal combustion engine so that the fuel injector projects into the combustion chamber. The injector has an inlet for supplying fuel to the fuel injector. The inlet projects from the injector body at a first circumferential position of the injector body. The inlet has a component of projection, X, radially outward relative to the central axis of the injector. The injector also has a spray nozzle having a tip and the spray nozzle extends longitudinally from the injector body. The injector has a plurality of spray discharge orifices formed on the tip with an even radial distribution about the tip. Each spray discharge orifice is configured to discharge fuel vapour. Each spray discharge orifice has a component of direction parallel to the central axis and a component of direction, Y, radially outward relative to the central axis. Y is at an angle offset from X.

The diesel engine comprises: a cylinder head covering one end of a cylinder; a piston having a crown surface opposed to the cylinder head and performing a reciprocating movement within the cylinder; and a fuel injector attached to the cylinder head. The crown surface of the piston is formed with a cavity which is concaved toward a side opposite to the cylinder head and has a round shape in top plan view, and a groove concaved from a periphery of the cavity toward a radially outward side of the piston. The groove extends from the lower end on the side opposite to the cylinder head, toward the upper end on the side of the cylinder head, while inclining in a circumferential direction of the piston. The fuel injector is formed with a nozzle hole directed toward the groove.

A diesel engine includes a cylinder, a cylinder head, a fuel injection valve, and a piston. The piston has a cavity recessed so as to be capable of receiving fuel injected from the fuel injection valve when the piston is positioned at a top dead center, and a notch formed by recessing a part of a circumferential edge of an opening of the cavity radially outward. The notch inclines radially inward at an angle of 0 to 50 relative to a center axis of the cylinder from a piston crown surface toward an inner circumferential wall surface.

A control system of a compression-ignition engine is provided, which includes an engine, an injector, a spark plug, and a controller connected to the injector and the spark plug, and configured to operate the engine by outputting a control signal to the injector and the spark plug. After the spark plug ignites mixture gas to start combustion, unburned mixture gas combusts by self-ignition. The controller outputs the control signal to the injector to perform a first-stage injection of fuel and then a second-stage injection in which fuel is injected to at least form the mixture gas around the spark plug. The controller also outputs the control signal to the injector to control a ratio of the injection amount of the second-stage injection with respect to the injection amount of the first-stage injection to be higher at a high engine speed than at a low engine speed.

Operating a gaseous fuel engine includes spark-igniting gaseous hydrogen fuel and air, and propagating combustion gases of the spark-ignited mixture outwardly from a spark gap. The propagating combustion gases are impinged upon a cone surface of a piston so as to limit a flame area of the propagating combustion gases. Additional gaseous hydrogen fuel and air is ignited in the combustion cylinder by way of the propagating combustion gases to urge a piston toward a bottom-dead-center position.

A fuel injector, comprising a nozzle body having a proximal end and a distal end, an upper row of nozzle holes being equally spaced about a first circumference of the nozzle body, and a lower row of nozzle holes located between the distal end and the upper row of nozzle holes, wherein the upper row has a first number of holes that is greater than a second number of holes in the lower row and wherein one of the first number of holes and the second number of holes is odd.

The disclosure provides a piston crown for a piston mountable in a combustion cylinder of an internal combustion engine. The piston crown includes a top annular surface. Radially inside the top annular surface is a piston bowl for guiding fuel injected into the combustion cylinder. The piston bowl includes a frusto-conical lip chamfer surface at a throat of the piston bowl next to the annular surface. In diametric cross-section the lip chamfer surface has a radius of at least 30 mm, preferably 30 mm.