As seen in a section parallel to a central axis of a shaft and including the center of gravity of a valve surface, with respect to the center of gravity, an end of the valve surface on the side of a first shaft direction is located on the side of a first direction in a direction orthogonal to the central axis of the shaft. As seen in a section orthogonal to the central axis of the shaft and including the center of gravity when the central axis of the shaft and a central axis of a through-hole coincide with each other, with respect to the center of gravity, an end of the valve surface on the side of a second direction in a direction along the valve seat surface is located on the side of the first direction in a direction orthogonal to the valve seat surface.

A system for coordinated control of an engine and associated components over various engine-modes of operation. The system may include an engine, one or more components controllable to adjust operation of the diesel engine, and a system controller. The system controller may be connected to the engine and the one or more components. The system controller may include a supervisory controller and one or more component controllers. The supervisory controller may receive system control variable set points and coordinate component control variable set points for the components to achieve the system control variable set points. The component controllers may control operation of the components to achieve the control variable set points for the components by setting manipulated variable set points for the components based on the component control variable set points and a model based non-linear dynamic inversion.

Methods and systems are provided for a turbocharger. In one example, a method may include bypassing exhaust gases flowing to the turbocharger in response to a catalyst temperature being less than a threshold temperature. The bypassing includes opening a bypass valve and adjusting a position of one or more turbine nozzle vanes.

A turbine comprises a turbine housing defining a turbine inlet upstream of a turbine wheel and a turbine outlet downstream of the turbine wheel; and a wastegate valve assembly comprising at least one movable valve member mounted on a movable support member within a wastegate chamber which communicates with the turbine inlet upstream of the turbine, and has one or more chamber outlets which communicate with an outlet of the turbine. The valve member is permitted to articulate slightly about the support member, with the amount of articulation in respective directions being limited by collisions between a respective limit point on a limit area on a rear surface of a sealing portion of the valve member and a respective limit point on limit area on a front surface of the support member.

The invention relates to a valve assembly (100) for a multi-scroll turbine (10) for controlling an overflow of exhaust gases between a first spiral (36) and a second spiral (38) and for controlling a bypass opening (50). The valve assembly 100 comprises a lever (110) and a valve closing element (120) which is operatively connected to the lever (110). Furthermore, the valve assembly (100) comprises a spring element (130) which is designed to pre-bias the valve closing element (120) the against lever (110).

A bearing structure includes: a rotation member including a plurality of extended portions extending radially outward from a shaft portion and arranged separated away from each other in an axial direction of the shaft portion; and a bearing member in which a counterface surface facing one of the plurality of extended portions in the axial direction is included in one or a plurality of main bodies.

The invention relates to a wastegate arrangement for an exhaust gas turbocharger comprising a turbine housing (10) having a bearing mount (19), wherein the bearing mount (19) receives a bearing bushing (50) having a drilled hole (51), wherein the drilled hole (51) holds a shaft (31) having a first shaft end (31.1) disposed in the turbine housing (10), and having a second shaft end (31.2) retained outside the turbine housing (10), wherein the first shaft end (31.1) of the shaft (31) is coupled to a wastegate flap (37) disposed in the turbine housing (10) to close a wastegate passage (15) in a closed position and to release a wastegate passage (15) in an open position, wherein the shaft (31) bears an actuating lever (24) at its second shaft end (31.2) outside of the turbine housing (10), wherein the bearing bushing (50) has a second bearing bushing end (53), which faces the actuating lever (24) in the zone of the outer surface of the turbine housing (10), wherein a spring element (40), a second spring end (40.2) of which rests indirectly or directly on a support surface (24.2) of the actuating lever (24), is used, and wherein the support surface (24.2) is disposed at least sectionally around the shaft (31). In order to achieve improved operational reliability in such a wastegate arrangement, provision is made in accordance with the invention for the turbine housing (10) to have a pressure surface (18), that the pressure surface (18) is disposed offset in the axial direction of the shaft (31) in the direction of the first shaft end (31.1) with respect to the second bearing bushing end (53), and for a first spring end (40.1) of the spring element (40), which faces away from the second spring end (40.2), to rest on the pressure surface (18) of the turbine housing (10) to generate a spring preload between the pressure surface (18) and the support surface (24.2).

A method and system for controlling operation of a two-stroke engine having a turbocharger includes the two-stroke engine comprising an electronically controlled exhaust valve. A throttle position sensor generates a throttle position signal corresponding to a position of a throttle plate of a throttle. A boost box is coupled to the two-stroke engine. A boost box pressure sensor is coupled to the boost box and generates a boost box pressure signal corresponding to a pressure within the boost box. A controller is coupled to the boost box pressure signal controlling a position of the electronically controlled exhaust valve in response to the boost box pressure signal and the throttle position signal.

Methods and systems that monitor an actuator state of wear. One or more observations are made as to one or more extremum positions of the actuator to determine a reference extremum position when the actuator is not worn. As the actuator becomes worn, the difference between a present extremum position and the reference is used to monitor actuator wear. Actuator wear may be observed to identify or predict a need for maintenance or replacement, and/or may be used in determining health impacts of control system solutions.

There is disclosed a bush comprising an internal surface and an external surface. The internal surface defines a bore and is configured to support movement of a body received in the bore. The external surface defines an outer radius. The external surface comprises one or more recesses.