Exhaust systems are described. In examples, an exhaust flow path couples exhaust ports with one or more turbochargers of an engine. The exhaust flow path may have a portion flowing through a cylinder head (e.g., couplable to the exhaust ports) and a portion flowing through an exhaust manifold (couplable to the cylinder head and the turbocharger(s)). The flow paths may be shaped to reduce the sharpness of turns between the exhaust ports and the turbocharger(s). For example, curves along the flow path may be less than 90 degrees or have a minimum curve radius, which may vary along the flow path. Additionally, at least two, independent flow paths may exist between the exhaust ports and the turbocharger(s). The cross-sectional shape of any part of the flow path may be elliptical, including at inlets and outlets.

An oil control valve system according to one example of the present disclosure incorporates a common or interchangeable oil control valve at distinct locations of an engine to direct operation of switching mechanisms over sets of three cylinders. In another aspect of the present disclosure, four interchangeable oil control valves are used in a six-cylinder engine. Utilizing interchangeable oil control valves minimizes design costs, reduces assembly time, lessens repair or replacement burdens, and allows for enhanced engine performance.

A common rail type fuel injection system provided in an engine with a plurality of cylinders, configured to inject high-pressure fuel stored in a common rail from injectors provided on each of the cylinders under fuel injection control performed by a control unit, and comprising: a plurality of communication lines each of which connects the control unit to a one of the injectors, wherein each of the injectors includes a storage unit configured to store correction information set according to injection characteristics, and a communication unit configured to send the correction information stored in the storage unit to the control unit via a one of the communication lines.

A method for operating a 6-cylinder engine connected to a driveline including a transmission. The method includes: monitoring a rotational speed of a crankshaft of the 6-cylinder engine: monitoring a gear selection of the transmission; and operating the 6-cylinder engine in one of Order 3, Order 1.5 or Order 1 based on whether the selected Order avoids operating the 6-cylinder engine at a critical speed that corresponds to a natural harmonic frequency of the driveline, wherein priority is given to operating in Order 1.5, Order 1 then Order 3, in that order.

A modularized multifunctional variable valve actuation system for use in a six-cylinder internal combustion engine. The system mainly comprises fuel supply modules (5 and 6), a phase limiting module (2), a mode selection module (22), control modules (3 and 4), a fuel transfer module (7), and a valve actuation module (1). The phase limiting module (2), with an extremely simple structure, implements a valve closing process not limited by operational phases of the fuel supply modules (5 and 6), and at the same time, requires only two fuel supply modules (5 and 6) and two two-way two-position valves (141, 142, and 143) to implement a continuously variable valve event, and requires only two fuel supply modules (5 and 6), two three-way two-position valves (191, 192, and 193), and one two-way two-position valve (141, 142, and 143) to implement a fully variable valve event, thus greatly reducing costs. The mode selection module (22) implements flexible conversion of an actuation mode and a braking mode of an internal combustion engine. Components of the system are functionally independent, modules are selected on the basis of requirements such as a gas distribution mode, the flexibility of valve operations, and the presence or absence of the braking mode, and the need for altering other modules is obviated. Thus, the system has a great suitability and a wide range of applications.

An oil control valve system according to one example of the present disclosure incorporates a common or interchangeable oil control valve at distinct locations of an engine to direct operation of switching mechanisms over sets of three cylinders. In another aspect of the present disclosure, four interchangeable oil control valves are used in a six-cylinder engine. Utilizing interchangeable oil control valves minimizes design costs, reduces assembly time, lessens repair or replacement burdens, and allows for enhanced engine performance.

Systems, apparatus, and methods are disclosed that include a divided exhaust engine with at least one pair of primary EGR cylinders and a plurality of pairs of non-primary EGR cylinders. The pair of primary EGR cylinders can be connected to an intake with an EGR system that lacks an EGR cooler. In another embodiment, the cylinder pairs include exhaust flow paths that join in the cylinder head to form a common exhaust outlet for each cylinder pair in the cylinder head that is connected directly to the EGR system or to the exhaust system without an exhaust manifold.

A V-type engine, an outboard motor, and a ship capable of restricting exposure of a catalyst to water. Cylinders where pistons operate are arranged in a V-shape, a crankshaft driven by driving of the pistons is disposed vertically, and exhaust pipes communicating with exhaust openings in the respective banks of a cylinder head and a catalyst holder that holds a catalyst in a merge portion where the exhaust pipes are merged in a site located on an upper side of the banks are included.

Provided herein is a control system for a vehicle. The control system includes an engine including cylinders, each of the cylinders including a fuel injector associated therewith, a vehicle exhaust system coupled in fluid communication with the engine for receiving exhaust gas therefrom, a sensor coupled to the vehicle exhaust system to detect an air-to-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas, and an engine electronic control unit (ECU) communicatively coupled to the sensor and the fuel injector of each cylinder, the ECU including memory and a processor. The ECU is configured to store a sequence of operating states of the cylinders, determine, based on the stored sequence of operating states, expected air-to-fuel ratio (ATFR) value data, receive, from the sensor, actual air-to-fuel ratio (ATFR) value data, determine a difference between the expected and actual ATFR value data, and control operation of the fuel injector based on the determined difference.

A damping structure of an inline six-cylinder engine is provided, which includes pistons reciprocatably fitted in the six cylinders, respectively, a crankshaft disposed below the pistons in a vertical direction of a vehicle and coupled to the pistons via connecting rods, respectively, the crankshaft being rotatable about an axis, a cylinder block having a plurality of crank journal parts disposed below the crankshaft in the vertical direction to rotatably support the crankshaft between adjacent cylinders in the crankshaft, a flywheel fixed to a rear end of the crankshaft in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and a dynamic damper attached to a lower part of the cylinder block, at at least one location between two adjacent cylinders among second through fourth cylinders, the six cylinders being disposed in an order of first through sixth cylinders from a front side to a rear side in the longitudinal direction.