Cross-port air flow that improves engine fuel economy and reduces pumping losses during part-throttle operation can be implemented in various types of internal combustion engine systems using ports that interconnect the intake ports of different cylinders, thus allowing different cylinders to share combustion air. Cross-port air flow is commenced during part-throttle engine operation to disrupt the primary combustion air flow from each throttle to its associated cylinder, which reduces charge density and engine power. The engine compensates for the reduced power by incrementally opening the throttles, thus increasing the primary combustion air flow, reducing pumping losses and improving fuel economy.

A throttle device 1 includes a throttle valve 2, and a throttle body 6 having a through hole 4 where the throttle valve 2 is arranged, the throttle body 6 including a connection part 28 to which a flow passage forming member 26 is finable, the flow passage forming member 26 communicating with the through hole 4 and forming an intake passage 3 with the through hole 4, and the connection part 28 having a contour 50 defined by a minor axis L1 along an axis direction of a rotatable shaft 12 of the throttle valve 2 and a major axis L2 which is longer than the minor axis L1.

A control apparatus includes a throttle configured to adjust an amount of air flowing in an intake passage of an engine, an accelerator opening sensor configured to detect an accelerator opening, a throttle opening sensor configured to detect an opening of the throttle, and a control unit configured to control the opening of the throttle. The control unit includes a setting unit configured to set a target opening and set a control amount of the throttle based on a deviation between the target opening and the opening detected by the throttle opening sensor, and a correction unit configured to, if the target opening is not more than a predetermined opening, set a correction amount of the control amount such that the opening of the throttle becomes large independently of the deviation.

Provided is a throttle device including a total of two throttle units in each two cylinders in an engine 1, each of the throttle units having a unit body having intake air passages corresponding to four cylinders of the engine, a throttle shaft rotatably supported by the unit body, throttle valves secured to the throttle shaft to open and close the intake air passages for the cylinders, a motor, and a deceleration mechanism decelerating rotation of a drive shaft of the motor and transmitting the decelerated rotation to the throttle shaft, in which a deceleration ratio of the deceleration mechanism provided in a first throttle unit and a deceleration ratio of the deceleration mechanism provided in a second throttle unit out of the two throttle units are different from each other.

In at least some implementations, a charge forming device includes a body that has a throttle bore, a throttle valve associated with the throttle bore, a coupler and an actuator. The throttle has a valve head received within and movable relative to the throttle bore, and a valve shaft to which the valve head is coupled. The coupler is connected to the valve shaft and carries or includes a sensor element. And the actuator has a drive shaft coupled to the coupler so that rotation of the drive shaft is transmitted to the coupler and the valve shaft.

Provided is a throttle device including a total of two throttle units in two cylinders in an engine, each of the throttle units having a throttle shaft, throttle valves, and a motor driving and rotating the throttle shaft, in which a return spring provided in a first throttle unit and a return spring provided in a second throttle unit out of the two throttle units are components of the same type and have mutually different installation forms in the throttle units such that biasing torques at the same degree of opening of the throttle valves differ from each other, thereby enabling performances of responding to a change in rotation speed to be different from each other.

Provided is a throttle device including a total of two throttle units in an engine for each two cylinders, each of the throttle units having a unit body having intake air passages corresponding to the four cylinders of the engine, a throttle shaft rotatably supported by the unit body, throttle valves secured to the throttle shaft to open and close the intake air passages for the cylinders, and a motor driving and rotating the throttle shaft, in which a first motor provided in a first throttle unit and a second motor provided in a second throttle unit out of the two throttle units have mutually different responsivities to a change in rotation speed.

A rotary control valve that includes a valve body, a valve shaft disposed within a bore of the valve body, a first valve seat disposed within the valve body, a first control element carried by the valve shaft, and a first pressure labyrinth at least partially defined by the first control element. The first control element is movably disposed in the first opening between a closed position, in which the first control element sealingly engages the first valve seat, thereby closing the first opening, and an open position, in which the first control element is spaced from the first valve seat, thereby opening the first opening. When the first control element is in the closed position, the first pressure labyrinth is configured to cause a pressure drop in fluid flowing therethrough, thereby minimizing an internal leak rate of the rotary control valve.

Provided is a throttle device including a total of two throttle units in each two cylinders in an engine 1, each of the throttle units having a unit body having intake air passages corresponding to four cylinders of the engine, a throttle shaft rotatably supported by the unit body, throttle valves secured to the throttle shaft to open and close the intake air passages for the cylinders, a motor, and a deceleration mechanism decelerating rotation of a drive shaft of the motor and transmitting the decelerated rotation to the throttle shaft, in which a deceleration ratio of the deceleration mechanism provided in a first throttle unit and a deceleration ratio of the deceleration mechanism provided in a second throttle unit out of the two throttle units are different from each other.

Provided is a throttle device including a total of two throttle units in two cylinders in an engine, each of the throttle units having a throttle shaft, throttle valves, and a motor driving and rotating the throttle shaft, in which a return spring provided in a first throttle unit and a return spring provided in a second throttle unit out of the two throttle units are components of the same type and have mutually different installation forms in the throttle units such that biasing torques at the same degree of opening of the throttle valves differ from each other, thereby enabling performances of responding to a change in rotation speed to be different from each other.