Systems and methods are provided for providing redundant pulse-width modulation (PWM) throttle control. The system includes a manual throttle controller configured to generate a manual PWM throttle control signal, and an automated throttle control system. The automated throttle control system includes a plurality of automated throttle controllers, each of which being configured to independently control a throttle of a vehicle, and each including a processor configured to generate and output an automated PWM throttle control signal, a first double pole double throw (DPDT) relay that, when engaged, is configured to receive and output the manual PWM throttle control signal, and a second DPDT relay, configured to receive and output the automated PWM throttle control signal to an engine, when the second DPDT relay is engaged; and receive and output the manual PWM throttle control signal to the engine, when the DPDT relay is disengaged.

Disclosed is a device for reducing the combustion instabilities of a combustion engine, this device including: an intake circuit admitting oxidizing air to the engine, a valve positioned on the engine oxidizing air intake circuit and designed to regulate the flow rate of oxidant gas admitted to the engine, an exhaust gas recirculation circuit connected to the intake circuit upstream of the oxidizing air flow rate regulating valve. The device is arranged in such a way that, at least when an injection of fuel to the engine is cut off, a minimum opening of the valve is assured so as to eliminate recirculated gases from the intake circuit.

A vehicle comprises an engine, a throttle body including a passage section and a throttle valve, and a throttle valve controller which controls opening or closing of the throttle valve, wherein the throttle valve controller includes: a memory section which contains therein a medium output control command such that the medium output control command continues to be stored in the memory section in a state in which electric power supply to the throttle valve controller is ceased, the medium output control command indicating an opening degree of the throttle valve, corresponding to a preset medium output range, and wherein the throttle valve controller controls opening or closing of the throttle valve, in accordance with the medium output control command read from the memory section, when an engine output meets a medium output condition in which the engine output is controlled to fall into the medium output range.

A throttle apparatus for an engine according to the present invention includes a pair of throttle bodies 2f and 2r disposed between a pair of banks Bf and Br of a V-type engine E, a pair of throttle bores 3 provided in the respective throttle bodies 2f and 2r and configured to guide intake air, throttle valves 5 supported to be openable/closable by a pair of throttle shafts 4 intersecting an arrangement direction of the banks and an axial direction of the throttle bores 3 and parallel to each other, and coupling portions 28 and 23 extending from the respective throttle bodies 2f and 2r in a direction approaching each other and configured to couple the throttle bodies 2f and 2r by being fastened at abutting portions 28b and 23c superimposed on each other with fastening members 30.

An ECU loads detected values of a rotation angle sensor and a pressure sensor which are mounted to an electric throttle, and executes an abnormal-sensor determination control to determine whether one of the rotation angle sensor and the pressure sensor is abnormal. Specifically, the ECU determines that one of the rotation angle sensor and the pressure sensor is abnormal, in a case where a state that a tendency of the actual opening angle detected by the rotation angle sensor does not match a tendency of the pressure detected by the downstream pressure sensor has continued for a period greater than or equal to a predetermined period. Therefore, since the pressure sensor can replace the rotation angle sensor used for detecting abnormality in a conventional technology, two rotation angle sensors can be reduced to one rotation angle sensor, and a cost is reduced.

An ECU outputs an ignition signal and a discharge waveform control signal. An ignition device closes an ignition switching element in a period during which the ignition signal is input. After a stop of the input of the ignition signal and in a period of input of the discharge waveform control signal, the ignition device controls current flowing through a primary coil to a discharge current command value that is determined by the discharge waveform control signal by opening or closing a control switching element. A discharge control unit determines whether there is an abnormality. When it is determined that there is an abnormality, the ECU avoids control executed by the discharge control unit, and causes the discharge control unit to execute control during times of low-rotation and low-load operation of an internal combustion engine in order to determine whether the discharge control unit has returned to a normal state.

A method of filtering a targeted frequency from a pedal input signal is provided. The method includes the steps of sampling the pedal input signal at a sampling frequency, calculating a moving average of the pedal input signal from samples of the pedal input signal, and outputting a filtered signal based on the moving average. A throttle filter system is also provided. The system includes a pedal configured to be actuated to set a desired acceleration of a vehicle, a position sensor configured to convert a position of the pedal into an electrical signal, a vehicle driveline configured to accelerate the vehicle, and a filtering module configured to accept the electrical signal from the position sensor and to filter the electrical signal to remove oscillations at a targeted frequency. In the system, the driveline accelerates the vehicle based on the filtered electrical signal.

A throttle valve assembly is disclosed having a throttle valve mounted within a throttle body to vary the flow of air therethrough. The throttle valve comprises of first and second throttle plates that interact with one another so as to be configurable in a V-shape thereby forming a converging/diverging flow path through part of the throttle body in which the flow of air through the throttle body is restricted and in flat aligned configuration which is minimally intrusive so as to produce substantially no restriction to flow through the throttle body is produced by the throttle valve.

A transport refrigeration system (10) includes a refrigerant vapor compression transport unit (12) including a compressor (14). A drive unit is utilized to provide power to the compressor. The drive unit includes a diesel powered engine (32) and a diesel particulate filter in operable communication with the diesel powered engine to filter combustion particulates from an exhaust gas output from the diesel powered engine. An air control valve is in operable communication with the diesel powered engine to control a flow of air into an air inlet of the diesel powered engine, thereby controlling an exhaust gas temperature of the diesel engine to aid in regeneration of the diesel particulate filter.

An end effector for use with a surgical instrument is disclosed. The end effector comprises an anvil including a staple forming portion, a cutting member, and a staple cartridge. The staple cartridge comprises a cartridge body, an elongate slot, and a deck. The deck comprises a first deck surface and a second deck surface, wherein one of the first deck surface and the second deck surface is stepped up from the other one of the first deck surface and the second deck surface. The staple cartridge further comprises a plurality of first staple cavities, a plurality of second staple cavities, and a plurality of third staple cavities, a driven element, a securement member releasably engaged with the deck, an implantable portion, and a plurality of staples deployable concurrently into tissue captured between the anvil and the staple cartridge.