An internal combustion-type engine or powertrain that is capable of burning wet-alcohol fuel mixture and including a piston reciprocating within a cylinder attached to a cylinder head and connecting to a crank shaft via a connecting rod. An intake cam and valve is mounted within an intake port formed in the cylinder head and an exhaust cam and valve is mounted within an exhaust port also formed in the cylinder head. A pressurized fuel source is introduced into the cylinder by a fuel injector and the percentage of water in the alcohol/water mix operates to prolong the cylinder pressure in order to increase a mean effective pressure (IMEP), leading to a higher torque (improved Brake Mean Effective PressureBMEP) of the engine via a longer pressure pulse attained during the period of preferred mechanical advantage of the crank-arm of the engine.

A blowback air amount is an amount of air that is part of the air that has flowed into a combustion chamber and is blown back into an intake passage before an intake valve closes. If the blowback air amount increases, a controller causes a fuel injection valve to inject fuel by an amount increased with respect to a fuel amount for a case in which the blowback air amount remains constant. The controller sets an increase amount of fuel injected from the fuel injection valve to a greater value when the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio of the fuel injected from the fuel injection valve is small than when the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio of the fuel injected from the fuel injection valve is great.

Fuel management system for enhanced operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder. It is preferred that the direct injection occur after the inlet valve is closed. It is also preferred that stoichiometric operation with a three way catalyst be used to minimize emissions. In addition, it is also preferred that the anti-knock agents have a heat of vaporization per unit of combustion energy that is at least three times that of gasoline.

A system for exchanging of different fuels that can be used for operation of an engine. The system includes a fuel exchange unit, a control and an exchange return conduit. The fuel exchange unit is configured to deliver a first fuel at pressure into the injections system given a switched-off engine, in order to replace a second fuel, which is located in the injection system, with the first fuel. A fuel delivery system includes a media converter which includes a deflectable element. The media converter is driven by a drive unit via the fluid by way of the fluid being able to be led at a varying pressure to the media transformer via a first feed conduit, and is configured to deliver the fuel via a pumping effect.

A nozzle assembly of a dual fuel injector includes a first fuel conduit and a second fuel conduit. An anti-leakage feature of the nozzle assembly includes a cylindrical tubular sleeve axially extending in an inner space of the nozzle body from an upper end attached to the body to a distant lower end, the outer valve member being axially guided through said sleeve.

An improved body defining a restricted fluid flow passage in a fuel supply system for delivering a gaseous fuel to an internal combustion engine. The body is formed for installation between and fluidly connecting a gaseous fuel supply conduit and a gaseous fuel flow passage that defines a predetermined volume between the restricted fluid flow passage and a nozzle chamber of a fuel injector from which the gaseous fuel is injected into the internal combustion engine. The restricted fluid flow passage has the smallest effective flow area between the gaseous fuel supply conduit and the nozzle chamber. The restricted fluid flow passage is located a predetermined distance from an injection valve seal within the fuel injector. The predetermined distance is calculated as a function of the speed of sound in the gaseous fuel and an opened time of the fuel injector.

Disclosed is an ammonia-hydrogen blended fuel control system based on reactivity regulation. The control system comprises a vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen fuel supply system, an ammonia-hydrogen blended fuel premixed combustion engine and an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The ECU is used for regulating the air injection amount and pressure value of ammonia fuel and hydrogen waiting to enter the ammonia-hydrogen blended fuel premixed combustion engine. The vehicle-mounted ammonia-hydrogen fuel supply system comprises a low-pressure liquid ammonia supply unit and a vehicle-mounted hydrogen production unit, and is used for providing the prepared low-pressure ammonia fuel and hydrogen for the ammonia-hydrogen blended fuel premixed combustion engine. The ammonia-hydrogen blended fuel premixed combustion engine comprises a turbulent jet ignition device provided with a pre-chamber. An ammonia injector and a first hydrogen injector which face the cylinder head are respectively arranged on the air inlet pipe.

According to one or more embodiments, an internal combustion engine may be operated by a method including one or more of the steps of passing a first fuel and a second fuel into a combustion chamber of an engine cylinder to form a fuel mixture, and combusting the fuel mixture with a spark plug to translate the piston housed in the engine cylinder and rotate a crank shaft coupled to the piston. The engine cylinder may include a cylinder head and cylinder sidewalls, and the combustion chamber may be defined at least partially by the cylinder head, the cylinder sidewalls, and the piston. The first fuel may include a greater octane rating than the second fuel. The combustion chamber may include an end gas region and a central region, the central region more near to the spark plug than the end gas region. The first fuel and second fuel may be passed into the combustion chamber such that the end gas region has a greater concentration of the first fuel than the central region, and the central region has a greater concentration of the second fuel than the end gas region.

Methods and systems are provided for adjusting a location of a fuel injection in response to a substitution rate and a desired EGR flow. In one example, a method may include injecting a first fuel to a combustion chamber via a direct injector positioned to inject directly into the combustion chamber, injecting a second, different, fuel to the combustion chamber via an exhaust port injector positioned to inject toward an exhaust valve of the combustion chamber, and combusting the first and second fuels together in the combustion chamber.

An internal combustion engine system is described herein. The internal combustion engine system uses one or more fuels that may be hydrophilic. The system uses a water measuring sensor to determine the concentration of water in the hydrophilic fuel. To meet power demands, the system uses the measured water concentration to modify data stored in a fuel map. The fuel map provides a controller the pump speeds and mixing ratio of the fuels for a given power level. The system receives that data and modifies it based on the measured concentration of water.