The present invention describes a fuel-management system for minimizing particulate emissions in turbocharged direct injection gasoline engines. The system optimizes the use of port fuel injection (PFI) in combination with direct injection (DI), particularly in cold start and other transient conditions. In the present invention, the use of these control systems together with other control systems for increasing the effectiveness of port fuel injector use and for reducing particulate emissions from turbocharged direct injection engines is described. Particular attention is given to reducing particulate emissions that occur during cold start and transient conditions since a substantial fraction of the particulate emissions during a drive cycle occur at these times. Further optimization of the fuel management system for these conditions is important for reducing drive cycle emissions.

An EFI-ECU determines an initial value of a correction value ekthwst for correcting an injection correction amount with reference to a non-heating initial value map if a heater is in operation, and determines the initial value of the correction value ekthwst for correcting the injection correction amount with reference to a heating initial value map if the heater is out of operation. It should be noted herein that the initial value of the correction value ekthwst is set lower under the same condition in the heating initial value map than in the non-heating initial value map.

A method for determining the composition of a fuel in a lubricant in an internal combustion engine in disclosed. The composition of a fuel having at least a first portion of a first fuel component and a second portion of a second fuel component is predefined. The mass flow with which the fuel is introduced into the lubricant in an introduction phase or discharged from the lubricant and from the housing in a discharge phase is determined. The composition of the mass flow is determined from a first mass flow of the first fuel component and a second mass flow of the second fuel component, which are determined based on a) an introduction parameter in the introduction phase or a discharge parameter in the discharge phase, and b) the first portion of the first fuel component and the second portion of the second fuel component in the fuel.

An internal combustion engine to which the apparatus is applied is a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine that includes a passage injection valve and a cylinder injection valve and that can use gasoline and alcohol as fuel. The apparatus performs abnormality determination for a determination object device, based on a detection signal of an oxygen sensor provided in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine. The concentration sensor detects alcohol concentration ALp of the fuel in a first fuel passage through which the fuel is fed to the passage injection valve, and alcohol concentration ALd of the fuel in a second fuel passage through which the fuel is fed to the cylinder injection valve. When a difference AL between the alcohol concentrations ALp, ALd is a determination value or greater (S13: YES), the execution of the abnormality determination is prohibited (S12).

A controller (an engine controller 100) feeds a fuel into a cylinder 11 through a fuel feeder (including a fuel injection valve 53 and a fuel feeding system 54) when the cylinder 11 is in an intake stroke and a compression stroke and if an engine body (an engine 1) is both in a cold running phase and under a heavy load. The engine body at or below a predetermined temperature is in the cold running phase. The load applied to the engine body is heavy when the engine body is under at least a predetermined load. The controller also lowers the upper limit of the charging efficiency of the engine body as the vaporization rate of the fuel fed into the cylinder decreases.

Methods and systems are provided for estimating an amount of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) from an exhaust passage into an intake passage of an engine system by operating an exhaust oxygen sensor in a variable voltage (VVs) mode. In one example, a method includes during operation of an exhaust oxygen sensor in the VVs mode where a reference voltage of the exhaust oxygen sensor is adjusted from a lower, first voltage to a higher, second voltage, adjusting engine operation based on the EGR amount estimated based on an output of the exhaust oxygen sensor and a learned correction factor based on the second voltage. In this way, the exhaust oxygen sensor may be used to correct for variations arising due to changing fuel composition and ambient humidity and further used to estimate the amount of EGR being recirculated in the system, thereby enhancing engine fueling and EGR control.

A method for vaporizing fuel is provided. The method comprises heating the fuel in a cylinder of an engine via radiation to vaporize the fuel without ignition. In this way, the fuel may be heated to increase vaporization efficiency prior to ignition.

Provided herein are processes and microorganisms which utilize both protein hydrolysates and carbohydrates from biomass feedstocks to produce renewable hydrocarbon compositions. Advantages of the disclosed methods may be recognized in fuel blends comprising such hydrocarbon compositions.

A control device is configured to, in a case that an internal combustion engine is made to start up before travel start of a vehicle in a parked state, when an auxiliary battery has at least a predetermined value of battery voltage, make the internal combustion engine start up after executing fuel heating processing for heating fuel by glow plugs to which electric power is transmitted, or when the battery voltage of the auxiliary battery is less than the predetermined value, execute the fuel heating processing after executing charge processing for charging the auxiliary battery using a main battery and then start up the internal combustion engine.

An electronic control unit includes a seat temperature calculating unit, a supply amount control unit, and a concentration acquiring unit. The seat temperature calculating unit calculates a simulated temperature of an exhaust valve seat. When the simulated temperature of the exhaust valve seat becomes equal to or higher than a threshold temperature, the supply amount control unit starts fuel increase control of increasing a lower limit value of an amount of fuel to be supplied into a cylinder to a larger value than that before the simulated temperature becomes equal to or higher than the threshold temperature. The concentration acquiring unit acquires an ethanol concentration of the fuel. In the fuel increase control, the supply amount control unit makes the amount of increase in the lower limit value larger as the ethanol concentration of the fuel acquired by the concentration acquiring unit is higher.