An air feed ratio controlling apparatus can include a predictor for predicting an air fuel ratio on the downstream side of a catalyst calculates a predicted air fuel ratio at least based on an actual air fuel ratio from an oxygen sensor and a history of a first correction coefficient. The air fuel ratio controlling apparatus can also include an adaptive model corrector which determines the deviation between the actual air fuel ratio and the predicted air fuel ratio as a prediction error ERPRE, and superposes a second correction coefficient on the first correction coefficient so that the prediction error may be reduced to zero.

An apparatus includes an aggregation circuit and a calibration circuit. The aggregation circuit is structured to interpret fuel data indicative of a fuel composition of a fuel provided by a fuel source from a plurality of gas quality sensors. Each gas quality sensor is associated with an individual engine system. Each engine system is positioned at a respective geographic location. The calibration circuit is structured to compare the fuel data received from each of the plurality of gas quality sensors that are located within a geographic area, determine a gas quality sensor miscalibration value for the plurality of gas quality sensors within the geographic area based on the fuel data received from each of the plurality of gas quality sensors within the geographic area, and remotely calibrate a miscalibrated gas quality sensor based on the gas quality sensor miscalibration value.

An engine control device includes an engine model having a neural network that inputs a manipulated variable of the engine and computes a controlled variable; and a controller that computes the manipulated variable so as to reduce a deviation between the controlled variable and a target controlled variable. The neural network includes an input layer to which the manipulated variable are input; a first hidden layer including a first fully connected layer; a second hidden later including a second fully connected layer that generates a plurality of second output values at a first time and has a return path on which the plurality of second output values at a second time, earlier than the first time, are input into the second fully connected layer; and an output layer from which the plurality of second output values at the first time are output as the controlled variable.

An engine system is provided, which includes a supercharger driven by a crankshaft of an engine, an electromagnetic clutch disconnectably connecting the crankshaft to the supercharger, and a controller configured to output a control signal to the electromagnetic clutch. The controller includes a processor configured to execute an uphill-angle detecting module to detect an uphill angle during traveling of a vehicle, an uphill determining module to determine whether the detected uphill angle is above a given first uphill angle, and a boost controlling module to, when the detected uphill angle is above the first uphill angle, control the electromagnetic clutch to connect the crankshaft to the supercharger even when a target torque of the engine is within a not-boosting range.

Various embodiments include a method for actuating a piezo actuator of an injection valve of a fuel injection system comprising: determining actuation signals for the piezo actuator using a stored current/voltage characteristic curve for carrying out an injection process; detecting the profile of the current flowing through the piezo actuator during the injection process and the profile of the voltage applied to the piezo actuator during the injection process; adapting the stored current/voltage characteristic curve based at least in part on the detected current profile and the detected voltage profile; and determining actuation signals for the piezo actuator using the stored, adapted current/voltage characteristic curve for carrying out a subsequent injection process.

An adaptive, any-fuel reciprocating engine using sensor feedback integration of high-speed optical sensors with real-time control loops to adaptively manage the electronic actuation schemes over a range of engine loads and fuels. The engine uses one or more optical sensors to collect specific types of gas property data via a spectroscopic technique to adaptively control various components within the engine.

Methods and systems are provided for controlling fueling and mitigating knock in internal combustion engines, such as multi-fuel engines. In one example, a method may include monitoring a frequency of knock events corresponding to one or more engine cylinders, and dynamically increasing a substitution ratio while the frequency of knock events is less than a maximum action threshold. In some examples, the method may further include actively adjusting one or more engine operating conditions to decrease the substitution ratio responsive to a severity of knocking in the one or more engine cylinders being greater than or equal to a threshold severity.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards free-piston combustion engines. As described herein, a method and system are provided for displacing a free-piston assembly to achieve a desired engine performance by repeatedly determining position-force trajectories over the course of a propagation path and effecting the displacement of the free-piston assembly based, at least in part, on the position-force trajectory. In a dual-piston assembly free-piston engine, synchronization of the two piston assemblies is provided.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards free-piston combustion engines. As described herein, a method and system are provided for displacing a free-piston assembly to achieve a desired engine performance by repeatedly determining position-force trajectories over the course of a propagation path and effecting the displacement of the free-piston assembly based, at least in part, on the position-force trajectory. In a dual-piston assembly free-piston engine, synchronization of the two piston assemblies is provided.

A method for the model-based open-loop and closed-loop control of an internal combustion engine, in which injection system set points for activating the injection system actuator are calculated as a function of a torque setpoint via a combustion model, and gas path set points for activating the gas path actuators are calculated via a gas path model. A measure of quality is calculated by an optimizer as a function of the injection system set points and the gas path set points. The measure of quality is minimized by the optimizer by changing the injection system set points and gas path set points within a prediction horizon. By using the minimized measure of quality, the injection system set points and gas path set points are set by the optimizer as definitive for adjusting the operating point of the internal combustion engine.