A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium stores a data-acquisition-instruction generating program that causes a computer to execute a process including: first generating a plurality of change curves of each of control parameters based on requisite density information, the requisite density information being related to a data measurement density in a data measurement region specified by a combination of a plurality of control parameters, the plurality of control parameters being used by a device subject to the data measurement; and second generating a data acquisition instruction to perform measurement at a plurality of measurement points with respect to the device to be measured in an order in which change of each control parameter becomes change corresponding to the change curves, and new measurement is performed such that only one of the control parameters changes from previous measurement.

A system according to the principles of the present disclosure includes a first burn duration module and a spark control module. The first burn duration module determines a first duration of at least a portion of a fuel burn within a cylinder of an engine from a first time when a first predetermined percentage of a mass of fuel within the cylinder is burned to a second time when a second predetermined percentage of the fuel mass is burned. The spark control module controls a spark plug to adjust spark timing of the cylinder based on the first burn duration.

A heater is provided that includes at least one resistive heating element having a material with a non-monotonic resistivity vs. temperature profile and exhibiting a negative dR/dT characteristic over a predetermined operating temperature range along the profile. The heater can include a plurality of circuits disposed in a fluid path to heat fluid flow.

An internal combustion engine controller for controlling an internal combustion engine is provided. The internal combustion engine controller comprises a memory and a processor. The memory is configured to store a plurality of control maps, each control map defining a hypersurface of actuator setpoints for controlling an actuator of the internal combustion engine based on a plurality of input variables to the internal combustion engine controller. The processor comprises an engine setpoint module and a map updating module. The map updating module is configured to optimise one or more of the hypersurfaces of the control maps at the location defined by the plurality of input variables. The map updating module comprises an optimiser module configured to search for an optimised group of actuator setpoints wherein the map updating module updates the one or more hypersurfaces at the location defined by the plurality of input variables based on the optimised group of actuator setpoints. A method of controlling an internal combustion engine is also provided.

In a control device for an internal combustion engine in which internal EGR and external EGR are conducted, an ideal in-cylinder gas amount and an ideal in-cylinder gas temperature in an ideal state in which neither of EGR gas recirculates into a cylinder are calculated (steps 1 and 2). A mixed gas amount of intake air and the external EGR gas present on a downstream side of a throttle valve is calculated, based on a rotation speed of the internal combustion engine and intake air pressure (step 21) to detect a mixed gas temperature. An actual in-cylinder gas temperature and amount and an EGR ratio are calculated, based on the ideal in-cylinder gas amount, the ideal in-cylinder gas temperature, the mixed gas amount, and the mixed gas temperature (steps 24, 4, and 5), and an internal combustion engine is controlled based on the EGR ratio.

The disclosure relates to a method for ascertaining the flow through a timer valve. The method includes detecting the pressure upstream of the timer valve during an evacuation of a container arranged upstream of the timer valve, ascertaining the flow through the timer valve based on the detected pressure upstream of the timer valve and based on the temperature and the volume of the gas in the container. The method also includes comparing the flow ascertained during the evacuation and a modeled flow and/or comparing a variable dependent on the ascertained flow and a variable dependent on the modeled flow. Additionally, the method includes adapting the model in the event of a discrepancy between the flow ascertained during the evacuation and the modeled flow and/or in the event of a discrepancy between the variable dependent on the ascertained flow and the variable dependent on the modeled flow.

A method of adaptively predicting, during operation of a pump, a mass of fuel pumped by the pump during a pumping event to a fuel accumulator (“Q.sub.pump”) to control operation of the pump is provided, comprising: generating an adaptive model of operation of the pump, including estimating a start of pumping (“SOP”) position of a plunger of the pump, estimating Q.sub.pump, determining a converged value of the estimated SOP position, and determining a converged value of the estimated Q.sub.pump; using the adaptive model to predict Q.sub.pump by inputting to the model the converged value of the estimated SOP position, a measured pressure of fuel in the fuel accumulator and a measured temperature of fuel in the fuel accumulator; and controlling operation of the pump in response to the predicted Q.sub.pump.

A method for generating a model ensemble that estimates at least one output variable of a physical process as a function of at least one input variable, the model ensemble being formed from a sum of model outputs from a plurality of models that have been weighted with a weighting factor.

A method and a device for determining the injection quantity or the injection rate of a fluid which is transported to an injector through a hydraulic line and is injected into a reaction space by the injector. The fluid pressure in the hydraulic line is measured by a pressure sensor, the fluid pressure at the injector is determined using the pressure measured by the pressure sensor and a stored transmission function of the hydraulic line, and the injection quantity or the injection rate of the fluid injected by the injector is determined using the fluid pressure determined at the injector.

Disclosed herein is a method of predicting engine knocking, which includes calculating initial pressure in cylinder based on operating data and pressure in intake manifold measured using manifold absolute pressure sensor, calculating pressure at spark timing in the cylinder by interpreting compression process as polytropic process based on the calculated initial pressure in the cylinder, calculating heat release rate for individual operating conditions based on the calculated pressure in the cylinder at spark timing, calculating pressure change in the cylinder based on the calculated heat release rate, calculating unburned gas temperature in adiabatic compression process based on the calculated pressure change in the cylinder, and determining whether knock occurs by calculating ignition delay based on the calculated unburned gas temperature and calculating unburned gas mass fraction at crank angle at the end of the ignition delay.