The specification and drawings present a new apparatus and method for continuously providing an oxygen-enriched gas/air using a relative motion of selected surface(s) of an apparatus (such as fossil-fueled combustion device/vehicle) relative to an atmospheric air with a speed exceeding a threshold value for, e.g., improving combustion, exhaust and related properties of the apparatus. An oxygen-enriched gas/air layer can be formed along/near each aforementioned surface from the atmospheric air due to pushing the atmospheric air along the surface(s) during that relative motion and collected by corresponding collector gate(s) located inside the apparatus near/adjacent to the corresponding surface. The apparatus can be an object (e.g., a vehicle) moving through the atmospheric air with a relative speed exceeding the threshold value. Alternatively, the apparatus can be a stationary object (e.g., a power generator) while the atmospheric air, having a desired speed exceeding the threshold value, is moved/blown toward the stationary object.

A system according to the principles of the present disclosure includes a first model predictive control (MPC) module and an engine actuator module. The first MPC module generates predicted parameters based on a model of an engine and a set of possible target values and generates a cost for the set of possible target values based on the predicted parameters and a desired exhaust enthalpy. The first MPC module also selects the set of possible target values from multiple sets of possible target values based on the cost. The engine actuator module adjusts an actuator of the engine based on at least one of the target values.

An engine assembly includes a control module configured to receive a torque request and an engine configured to produce an output torque in response to the torque request. The control module includes a processor and tangible, non-transitory memory on which is recorded instructions for executing a method for supervisory model predictive control. The control module includes a multi-layered structure with an upper-level (“UL”) optimizer module configured to optimize at least one system-level objective and a lower-level (“LL”) tracking control module configured to maintain at least one tracking parameter. The multi-layered structure is characterized by a decoupled cost function such that the UL optimizer module minimizes an upper-level cost function (CF.sub.UL) and the LL tracking control module minimizes a lower-level cost function (CF.sub.LL). The system-level objective may include minimizing fuel consumption of the engine and the tracking parameter may include delivering the torque requested to engine.

An internal combustion engine, a method of operating the internal combustion engine, and a controller are disclosed. The method may be implemented in part by the controller and comprises determining a shaft angle of an engine shaft; supplying, to an ion sensor fluidly coupled to a combustion chamber of the engine a low voltage at a beginning of a combustion cycle to generate an ion sensor current and a high voltage during an ionization voltage window based at least in part on the shaft angle, wherein the low voltage is configured to prevent premature ignition of fuel in the combustion chamber and the high voltage exceeds the low voltage and is configured to increase the ion sensor current above a current threshold.

A method (200) for operating a combustion engine (120) with a particle filter (130) is disclosed, wherein an exhaust gas flow of the combustion engine (120) is passed through the particle filter (130), a particle concentration in the exhaust gas flow is measured (220) downstream of the particle filter (130) and the combustion engine is operated at least depending on the measured particle concentration downstream of the particle filter.

A vehicle includes an engine including a forced induction device, a knock sensor and a crank angle sensor that detect an occurrence of LSPI, a battery that supplies electric power to a second motor generator, and an ECU. When an occurrence of the LSPI is detected, the ECU restricts a maximum torque, which can be output by the engine with the forced induction device, more than when an occurrence of the LSPI is not detected to prevent an engine operating point from being included in an LSPI area, and when an output of the engine becomes insufficient along with the restriction on the maximum torque, the engine compensates for an amount of the insufficient output with electric power supplied from the battery.

Embodiments of methods and systems related to operating a mobile asset are provided. In one example, a method for operating a mobile asset includes adjusting a fuel combustion ratio of a plurality of mobile assets based on an emission type exceeding a corresponding threshold, wherein the fuel combustion ratio includes a plurality of fuel types.

The present invention refers to a method for operating an internal combustion engine in a transition operating mode, comprising the steps of determining an initial fuel oxidizer ratio threshold and a demanded fuel oxidizer ratio for a fuel mixture to be supplied to a combustion chamber of the engine, if the demanded fuel oxidizer ratio exceeds the initial fuel oxidizer ratio threshold, the engine is temporally operated in a raised response mode, in which a fuel oxidizer ratio threshold is increased from the initial fuel oxidizer ratio threshold to a raised fuel oxidizer ratio threshold, and a fuel mixture having the demanded fuel oxidizer ratio is supplied into the combustion chamber of the engine.

A timing setting section sets a fuel injection timing in a second half of a compression stroke of an internal combustion engine, at a predetermined computation timing, which is set for each combustion cycle of the internal combustion engine, when an amount of a reduction target component in exhaust gas detected by an exhaust gas sensor is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, on condition that the internal combustion engine satisfies a predetermined high temperature condition. The fuel injection control device further includes an injection control unit to compute a fuel injection period based on the injection timing set by the timing set unit and to control the fuel injection valve based on the injection timing and the injection period.

A controller for an internal combustion engine includes processing circuitry that executes a richening process until an exhaust sensor detects exhaust gas having a rich air-fuel ratio. The processing circuitry executes an air supplying process to supply a catalytic converter with air until the exhaust sensor detects that the exhaust gas has a lean air-fuel ratio. The processing circuitry cumulates the amount of air supplied to the catalytic converter until the exhaust sensor detects that the exhaust gas has a lean air-fuel ratio in the air supplying process. The air supplying process includes stopping fuel supplied to the one or more of the cylinders and performing combustion at an air-fuel ratio that is less than or equal to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio in the remaining one or more of the cylinders.