Provided is an engine which is provided with an EGR device, wherein: an actual intake/exhaust gas pressure ratio π1 of an intake-gas pressure P1 to an exhaust-gas pressure P2 is calculated from the detected exhaust-gas pressure P2 and the detected intake-gas pressure P1; an estimated intake/exhaust gas pressure ratio π2 of the intake-gas pressure P1 to the exhaust-gas pressure P2 is calculated from an engine rotational frequency N, and a fuel injection amount F; and, in cases when the actual intake/exhaust gas pressure ratio π1 is less than a prescribed value π0, an EGR gas weight Megr is calculated based on the actual intake/exhaust gas pressure ratio π1, and in cases when the actual intake/exhaust gas pressure ratio π1 is equal to or more than the prescribed value π0, the EGR gas weight Megr is calculated based on the estimated intake/exhaust gas pressure ratio π2.

On start of an engine, a difference ΔPm between a first intake pipe pressure Pm1 and a second intake pipe pressure Pm2 is computed. Reduction correction of wall surface deposition correction is prohibited until the state that the difference ΔPm is equal to or less than a reference value ΔPmref continues over a predetermined number of strokes nref of the engine. After the state that the difference ΔPm is equal to or less than the reference value ΔPmref continues over the predetermined number of strokes nref of the engine, permission is given for the reduction correction.

A method for determining a desired intake manifold pressure of an internal combustion engine by means of an iterative method, wherein a cylinder charge is determined for an intake manifold pressure iterated during the iterative method, and the desired intake manifold pressure is determined as a function of the cylinder air charge that has been determined. In addition, a control device for carrying out the method is provided.

The present invention provides a novel combination of devices to measure and transmit to an electronic controller data pertaining to differential pressures, temperatures, regeneration status, exhaust content, accumulated gas consumption and substitute fuel consumption. The electronic controller compares the data to thresholds; when the controller receives signals indicating these thresholds or limits are met, the controller causes the gas substitution rate to be diminished or set to zero until after-treatments elements are fully regenerated thereby facilitating integration of a mixed fuel system with an application internal combustion engine.

The present invention provides a novel combination of devices to measure and transmit to an electronic controller data pertaining to differential pressures, temperatures, regeneration status, exhaust content, accumulated gas consumption and substitute fuel consumption. The electronic controller compares the data to thresholds; when the controller receives signals indicating these thresholds or limits are met, the controller causes the gas substitution rate to be diminished or set to zero until after-treatments elements are fully regenerated thereby facilitating integration of a mixed fuel system with an application internal combustion engine.

The embodiment relates to a method for detecting a power-changing manipulation of an internal combustion engine (100), wherein the internal combustion engine (100) has an intake tract (110) and a pressure sensor (116, 118) which is arranged in the intake tract (110). The method has the following steps: acquiring a signal profile (440) over a specific time period by means of the pressure sensor (116, 118), providing a modelled signal profile (430) over the specific time period, from which periodically repeating modelled signal profile sections (432) which are characteristic of expected periodically repeating pressure changes in the intake tract (110) are ascertained, comparing a signal portion of an acquired signal profile section (442) with the corresponding signal portion of the corresponding modelled signal profile section (432) in order to detect the power-changing manipulation of the internal combustion engine (100).

Systems, apparatus, and methods are disclosed that include an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders and controlling the intake manifold pressure during early intake valve opening to reduce or prevent oil consumption.

A method for setting a throttle valve that includes feedback control of a throttle position of the throttle valve in the entire operating range of an internal combustion engine, wherein the feedback control is based on an internal model control principle.

A control device includes a controller configured to: obtain a driving condition and an actual value of a controlled amount of an engine; use a transformed engine model to calculate an estimate value of a future controlled amount, from the obtained driving condition and a candidate value of an operation amount for controlling the controlled amount, the transformed engine model in which an activation function of each neuron is transformed using a linear inequality function having a binary variable, the transformed engine model for which a weight coefficient, bias, and upper and lower limits of an input/output variable of the each neuron are set based on an engine model that has a multilayer neural structure and the activation function of a ReLU structure, receives the driving condition and operation amount as input, and predicts dynamic characteristics of the engine; determine a value of the operation amount, based on error between the calculated estimate value and a target value of the controlled amount identified from the driving condition.

A control device includes a controller configured to: obtain a driving condition and an actual value of a controlled amount of an engine; use a transformed engine model to calculate an estimate value of a future controlled amount, from the obtained driving condition and a candidate value of an operation amount for controlling the controlled amount, the transformed engine model in which an activation function of each neuron is transformed using a linear inequality function having a binary variable, the transformed engine model for which a weight coefficient, bias, and upper and lower limits of an input/output variable of the each neuron are set based on an engine model that has a multilayer neural structure and the activation function of a ReLU structure, receives the driving condition and operation amount as input, and predicts dynamic characteristics of the engine; determine a value of the operation amount, based on error between the calculated estimate value and a target value of the controlled amount identified from the driving condition.