A capacitive load charging/discharging device, including a first capacitor, a down-up converter including a first and a second switching element connected across the first capacitor, wherein a connecting point of the switching elements is connected to a first output terminal of the converter through a main coil. The device further includes an output circuit with a capacitive load arranged between first and second output circuit terminals, which are connected to output terminals of the converter. A discharge circuit is formed with the output circuit, the main coil and the second switching element, including an additional capacitor which is connected to a charging circuit for charging to a specified voltage, wherein the polarity of the voltage corresponds to that of the load voltage in the charged state of the capacitive load.

The teachings of the present disclosure describe an injector having an injector housing, an actuator, and a nozzle needle, wherein the actuator is arranged in an actuator space of the injector housing. The injector may include a control piston bore in the injector housing, in which a control piston is arranged, a leakage pin bore between the actuator space and the control piston bore, and a leakage pin coupling the control piston to the actuator, the leakage pin arranged in the leakage pin bore. The control piston may be hydraulically connected to the nozzle needle in order to open or close an outlet opening of the injector housing. The injector may include a high pressure line configured to convey a fuel under pressure to the nozzle needle and a feedline in the injector housing connecting the leakage pin bore to the high pressure line.

There are provided a laminated piezoelectric element in which a stress applied to an interface between a cover layer and a stacked body is reduced, and an injection device and a fuel injection system provided with the laminated piezoelectric element. A laminated piezoelectric element includes a stacked body in which piezoelectric layers and internal electrode layers are alternately laminated; and a cover layer disposed so as to surround a side face of the stacked body, and the cover layer has a two-layer structure with an annular boundary when viewed in a section perpendicular to a stacking direction of the stacked body.

A piezo injector includes an actuator space in which a piezo actuator is arranged, a control piston bore in which a control piston with an end face is arranged, a leakage pin arranged between the piezo actuator and the end face to couple the piezo actuator with the control piston, and a union for fluidic communication with the control piston bore which union has a hydraulic throttle.

Disclosed is a method for determining a static flow rate of a piezo-electric injector of an injection system. The piezo-electric injector includes a needle and a piezo-electric actuator designed to control a valve of the injector. The injection system includes an electric generator designed to send electric current pulses to the piezo-electric actuator of the injector, and a voltage sensor designed to measure voltage values at the terminals of the piezo-electric actuator. The method includes the following steps: sending during a phase of closure of the needle of an electric current pulse such that the piezo-electric actuator is positioned in contact with the valve, without giving rise to the opening thereof; measurement of a plurality of voltage values of the piezo-electric actuator; and determining a static flow rate of the piezo-electric injector on the basis of a plurality of voltage values measured of the piezo-electric actuator.

A liquid injector for injection of liquids into internal combustion engines is provided. The injectors have a plurality of jets aimed at a common collision point, where at least two jet streams collide to create a finely atomized liquid due to kinetic energy dissipated by the impact of the liquid streams. The angle formed by the jets, the pressure applied and the distance at which the jets collide is such that the loss of forward momentum is greater than the energy required to create particles smaller than 5 microns. Liquids injected may include gasoline, diesel-type fuels, or water. The injectors may be employed for port injection or direct injection.

The present disclosure relates to a fuel injector for supplying fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The fuel injector comprises an injector body, a nozzle, a needle, and a nozzle retainer removably arranged at the injector body to retain the nozzle against the injector body. The nozzle comprises a first channel adapted to contain fuel. The injector body comprises a second channel adapted to contain fuel. The first and second channels are fluidically connected. The needle is slidably arranged in the first and second channels. The needle comprises an upper needle section and a lower needle section. The lower needle section is removably connected to the upper needle section. The present disclosure also relates to a nozzle for a fuel injector, a lower needle section for a fuel injector, and an internal combustion engine comprising a fuel injector.

The present disclosure relates to an injection valve comprising an injector body, a needle body, a control space, a control valve, and a piezoelectric actuator. The injector body has a recess and a fluid inflow and a fluid outflow. The needle body is arranged axially movably in the recess of the injector body and suppresses a fluid flow through an injection opening of the injector body in a closed position of the needle body and otherwise releases it. The control space is disposed in the recess between the fluid inflow and the fluid outflow. The control valve may be arranged in the control space to suppress a fluid flow between the control space and the fluid outflow in a closed position of the valve body and to otherwise release it. The piezoelectric actuator may be coupled mechanically to the control valve via a first transmitter for opening the control valve.

The present disclosure provides a method for operating an injector of an internal combustion engine, the nozzle needle of said injector being operated by a piezo actuator by means of a servo valve. The method may include eliminating the idle travel of the piezo actuator by maintaining a permanent direct force connection between the piezo actuator and the servo valve, so that a change in force on the servo valve due to a change in pressure in the valve chamber when the servo valve is opened and closed and when the nozzle needle of the injector is closed is always transmitted to the piezo actuator as a change in force, detecting the resulting change in voltage and/or capacitance of the piezo actuator, and ascertaining parameters with which the injection quantity which is output by the injector is regulated based on the result of the detection.

A throttle device for controlling a fuel quantity to be supplied to a fuel injection nozzle includes a control chamber and a supply device for supplying fuel to the control chamber. The supply device includes an inlet throttle having a length selected such that a fuel flowing through the inlet throttle, when in operation, flows through the inlet throttle in a turbulent flow. An injection device including the throttle device is also provided.