Described herein are compositions and methods that involve use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., fish oil and/or flax oil) as supplements to colostrum. When administered to newborn calves the combination of colostrum with fish oil and/or flax oil can improve the health and immune function of the calf.

A dog chew formed from a dairy-based material, wherein said dairy-based material is a mixture of one or more dairy ingredients combined with a binding agent, and said mixture of one or more dairy ingredients comprises the largest portion, by weight, of the dog chew, and said binding agent is added in a sufficient quantity to allow the dairy-based material to be pliable and stable. In the preferred embodiment, the dog chew also includes a flavoring material wherein the dairy-based material comprises the majority of the exterior surface of the dog chew, and said flavoring material includes meats from poultry, mammals, or fish.

A method of manufacturing a pet food may include retorting a composition comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of (i) yogurt, (ii) cheese and (iii) a combination of one or more hydrocolloids and at least one of an animal milk or a plant-based dairy alternative to form the shelf-stable pet food. A product may include the pet food and also a container housing the pet food, the container including instructions to administer the pet food to a pet, preferably a companion animal, most preferably a cat. A method of providing nutrition to a pet may include administering the pet food to a pet, preferably a companion animal, most preferably a cat. The pet food optionally consists of the retorted material. The pet food optionally is low in lactose or lactose-free and optionally includes no added sugar relative to that in the material subjected to the retorting.

Pressed powder pet chew products and methods of manufacturing such products are disclosed. Pressed powder pet chew products may comprise “pressed bone” and “knotted bone” pet chew products. Pressed bone pet chew products may comprise a shaped, pressed and hardened powder mixture. The powder mixture may comprise a cheese powder which may optionally be mixed with other powdered substances. The powder mixture may be heated, poured into a mold, pressed, and dried in order to produce the single block pressed powder pet chew products. Knotted bone pet chew products may comprise multiple stacked and knotted layers of hardened powder mixture. The powder mixture may be heated, formed into strips, stacked, knotted, and dried in order to produce the knotted bone pet chew products.

Described herein are compositions and methods that involve use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., fish oil and/or flax oil) as supplements to colostrum. When administered to newborn calves the combination of colostrum with fish oil and/or flax oil can improve the health and immune function of the calf.

A method of producing a final product from a wastewater dissolved air flotation (DAF) sludge which includes the following dewatering step: 5—dewatering of the sludge, an aged sludge or a pre-processed sludge to produce a sludge filter cake and a filtrate; such that the pre-processed is sludge, or aged sludge, that has undergone additional processing steps prior to dewatering and aged sludge is sludge that has been stored for a period of time, wherein the dewatering step is a mechanical dewatering step 10 carried out at a maximum of 30° C. which results in a sludge filter cake that does not flow under its own mass.

A method of producing a final product from a wastewater dissolved air flotation (DAF) sludge which includes the following dewatering step: 5—dewatering of the sludge, an aged sludge or a pre-processed sludge to produce a sludge filter cake and a filtrate; such that the pre-processed is sludge, or aged sludge, that has undergone additional processing steps prior to dewatering and aged sludge is sludge that has been stored for a period of time, wherein the dewatering step is a mechanical dewatering step 10 carried out at a maximum of 30° C. which results in a sludge filter cake that does not flow under its own mass.

The invention herein is directed to pig waste silage, which is derived from the conversion of pig waste, a fermentable sugar source, and lactic acid fermentable culture, thereby pig waste is transformed into a nitrogen-rich, crude protein concentrate ingredient, suitable for consumption by cattle, sheep, and goat diets. The pig waste silage of the invention herein is a crude protein source that can lower operational costs for cattle and other ruminant producers, by using less protein-based grains, as well as reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, through a better and more efficient digestion of ruminants, based on physiological principles.

A composition for enhancing protein digestion is disclosed, which includes at least one acid component, at least one base component and a protein digestion enhancer, wherein the at least one acid component is one selected from a group consisting of an organic acid, a phosphoric acid and a combination thereof, the at least one base component is one selected from a group consisting of an organic base, a phosphate and a combination thereof, the at least one acid component and the at least one base component conjugate with each other to form a buffer formulation, and the protein digestion enhancer is one selected from a group consisting of an ascorbic acid, a salt of the ascorbic acid and a combination thereof.

A composition for enhancing protein digestion is disclosed, which includes at least one acid component, at least one base component and a protein digestion enhancer, wherein the at least one acid component is one selected from a group consisting of an organic acid, a phosphoric acid and a combination thereof, the at least one base component is one selected from a group consisting of an organic base, a phosphate and a combination thereof, the at least one acid component and the at least one base component conjugate with each other to form a buffer formulation, and the protein digestion enhancer is one selected from a group consisting of an ascorbic acid, a salt of the ascorbic acid and a combination thereof.