A universal joint includes a bearing including a bearing cup fitted in a bearing hole of a yoke and rolling elements arranged between the bearing cup and a shaft portion of a cross shaft. A method for manufacturing the universal joint includes: simulating a shrunken state in which a sample bearing cup selected from bearing cups in a same lot is fitted in the bearing hole such that only an outside diameter is restrained, by press-fitting the sample bearing cup into a reference hole of a reference jig; measuring a diameter of an inscribed circle inscribed to the rolling elements in the shrunken state; setting an outside diameter of the shaft portion to a required outside diameter according to the diameter of the inscribed circle; and inserting the bearing cup with the rolling elements between the shaft portion having the required outside diameter and the bearing hole.

An object of the present invention is to provide a steering apparatus capable of improving a function of a bearing that supports a steering shaft. A steering apparatus includes a steering shaft, a first housing member, a second housing member, and a bearing. The steering shaft rotates according to a rotation of a steering wheel. The first housing member is located on one side in a rotational axial direction of the steering shaft, and includes a cylindrical portion and a flange portion. The cylindrical portion surrounds the steering shaft. The flange portion extends in a radial direction with respect to a rotational axis of the steering shaft to an outer side of the cylindrical portion in the radial direction. The second housing member is provided on the other side in the rotational axial direction, and forms a housing together with the first housing member. The second housing member includes a connection portion and a containing portion. The connection portion is connected to the flange portion of the first housing member. The containing portion contains a part of the steering shaft. The bearing is provided at a position that overlaps the flange portion in the rotational axial direction on an inner peripheral side of the cylindrical portion of the first housing member, and supports the steering shaft.

A constant velocity joint includes: an outer joint member having a raceway groove; an inner joint member having a leg shaft; a roller that is able to roll on the raceway groove; and a needle bearing that supports an inner periphery of the roller such that the inner periphery of the roller is able to rotate with respect to the leg shaft. The leg shaft includes: a roll portion that supports the needle bearing; a contact portion that is able to contact an end face of the needle bearing, the end face facing a first side in the direction of a central axis of the needle bearing; and a recess portion formed between the roll portion and the contact portion, in a position where the recess portion is recessed from a space in which the needle bearing is disposed.

A raceway of a roller bearing includes a first raceway whose raceway surface is under a relatively high compressive residual stress, and a second raceway whose raceway surface is under a compressive residual stress lower than the compressive residual stress applied to the raceway surface of the first raceway. The raceway surface of the second raceway has a Vickers hardness of 700 HV or more but less than 800 HV. The raceway surface of the first raceway includes a portion that is harder than the raceway surface of the second raceway and that is to be in contact with at least one of axial ends of a rolling contact surface of a roller. A rib includes a rib surface having a Vickers hardness of 450 HV or more but less than 550 HV.

A follower mechanism including an outer cup having a substantially cylindrical side wall, an annular lip portion disposed at a first end of the side wall, and an annular ledge disposed on the side wall, the annular ledge being disposed in a plane that is transverse to a longitudinal center axis of the follower mechanism. An inner cup includes an annular lip extending outwardly therefrom and a pair of shaft apertures, and is disposed in the outer cup so that the lip abuts the annular ledge of the outer cup and is non-rotatably fixed thereto by the annular lip of the outer cup which abuts the lip of the inner cup. A shaft is received in the shaft apertures, and a roller follower is rotatably received on the shaft such that a portion of the roller follower extends axially outwardly beyond the annular lip portion of the outer cup.

A method of upsetting an axle with a peen tool according to one example of the present disclosure includes contacting a distal end surface of the peen tool with a first terminal end of the axle. The distal end surface of the peen tool has a relief portion formed on the distal end surface that includes a concave profile. An area of the axle is displaced based on the contacting.

A needle bearing assembly includes a seal such as a double lip metal stiffener seal, and a washer within the shell. The double lip seals are accommodated within a chamber of the needle bush bearing assembly. The metal stiffener is used on a body of the double lip seal. A washer is used between one of the plane surfaces of double lip seal having a metal stiffener and the needle surface. The washer serves as a contact portion and is guided by the shell. A portion of the shell provides room to the external lip of the seal for proper placement inside the shell internal diameter.

A sealing assembly for a cup bearing of a universal joint includes a seal sub-assembly configured to be positioned in a space between a cup of the cup bearing and a trunnion of the universal joint. The seal sub-assembly includes an elastic sealing member configured to contact an outer surface of the trunnion, and a seal insert attached to the elastic sealing member and configured to contact an inner surface of the cup. The seal insert includes an extension portion configured to contact and extend away from a rim surface of the cup. The sealing assembly further includes an external shield including an inner portion and an outer portion. The inner portion is configured to contact the outer surface of the trunnion, and the outer portion is attached to the extension portion of the seal insert.

A raceway of a roller bearing includes a first raceway whose raceway surface is under a relatively high compressive residual stress, and a second raceway whose raceway surface is under a compressive residual stress lower than the compressive residual stress applied to the raceway surface of the first raceway. The raceway surface of the second raceway has a Vickers hardness of 700 HV or more but less than 800 HV. The raceway surface of the first raceway includes a portion that is harder than the raceway surface of the second raceway and that is to be in contact with at least one of axial ends of a rolling contact surface of a roller. A rib includes a rib surface having a Vickers hardness of 450 HV or more but less than 550 HV.

A bearing assembly for a shaft comprises an outer shell including first and second radial walls axially spaced apart from each other and joined by a circumferential wall. A sealing element is disposed in the outer shell and includes a body portion in sealing engagement with the first radial wall or the circumferential wall of the outer shell. The sealing element includes a lip portion protruding radially inward from the body portion. The lip portion is arranged to sealingly engage the shaft. A bearing is press fitted in the outer shell between the sealing element and the second radial wall of the outer shell.