The invention relates to a drive train of a drive (2) for the motorized displacement of a closure element (3) of a motor vehicle, wherein at least one friction engagement mechanism (6) is provided in order to provide a friction torque, wherein the friction engagement mechanism (6) is a component of a coupling mechanism (7) of the drive train (1) for coupling two drive components (11, 12) of the drive train (1) in a rotationally secure manner, wherein the coupling mechanism (7) is coupled in a rotationally secure manner via a motor-side coupling piece (7a) to a motor-side component of the drive components (11) and via a coupling piece (7b) remote from the motor to a component remote from the motor of the drive components (12), wherein the coupling mechanism (7) has a plurality of friction engagement elements (8, 9, 10) which can be rotated about a drive axle (X) and which are arranged coaxially relative to each other and which form the friction engagement mechanism (6), wherein a central element of the friction engagement elements (8) is in frictional engagement with two additional elements of the friction engagement elements (9, 10). It is proposed that the friction engagement elements (8, 9, 10) be arranged concentrically relative to each other at least in portions and that the central friction engagement element (8) be a tolerance ring (13) and be clamped radially between the two additional elements of the friction engagement elements (9, 10) in order to provide a friction engagement connection.

A tolerance ring including a sidewall having a first and a second opposite major surfaces spaced apart by a thickness, wherein the first major surface defines an inner diameter of the tolerance ring at a first location of the sidewall and an outer diameter of the tolerance ring at a second location of the sidewall. A method of forming a tolerance ring including providing a strip of material comprising a first, a second, a third, and a fourth edge, shaping the first edge of the strip toward the third edge, and shaping the second edge of the strip toward the fourth edge.

A locking spacer assembly for mounting on an elongated member and a method of use thereof are disclosed. A first element with a first end and a second end fits over the elongated member with the first end, which may be beveled, facing outwards. A second element with a beveled end fits over the elongated member with the beveled end facing inwards toward the beveled end of the first element. Finally, a flexible member fits over the elongated member between the first element and the second element. The flexible member has a cross-section selected to be compressed and fit within a space formed when the first element and second element are compressed together on the elongated member so that the compression of the flexible member secures the locking spacer assembly to the elongated member so long as the compression is maintained.

A tolerance ring (200) including a tolerance ring sidewall (404) including a plurality of waves (or bridges) (452) extending at least one of radially inward or outward and having first (416) and second end portions (420) terminating at first (417) and second ends (421), respectively, where the tolerance ring has a first radius of curvature R.sub.i, measured at a point bisecting a circumferential length, L.sub.C, of the tolerance ring sidewall, and a second radius of curvature, R.sub.2, measured along one of the first and second end portions of the tolerance ring sidewall, and wherein at least one of: 1) R.sub.i is greater than R.sub.2, or 2) wherein R.sub.i is negative and R.sub.2 is positive.

A tolerance ring includes a ring body having a spring property, an abutment joint portion formed between circumferential end edges of the ring body, and protrusions protruding radially from the ring body, each having a reaction force due to radial rigidity. The tolerance ring includes an abutment joint semi-circumferential region and an opposing semi-circumferential region facing the abutment joint portion. The tolerance ring includes first and second X-direction semi-circumferential regions separated by a straight line connecting the abutment joint and opposing portions. The Y-direction passes through the axis center of the ring body and the abutment joint, and the X-direction is orthogonal to the Y-direction. The sum of the X-direction components of the reaction force vector in the first X-direction semi-circumferential region is the same or smaller than the sum of the Y-direction components of the reaction force vector in the abutment joint semi-circumferential region.

An excessive torque releasing type clutch apparatus which can release torque when an excessive torque is input thereto, comprises an outer ring 3, an inner ring 5 arranged radially inside and in coaxial with the center axis of the outer ring 3 and rotatably relative to the outer ring 3, a torque transmitting portion that is capable of transmitting torque having the center axis as the center between the outer ring 3 and the inner ring 5, and a restricting mechanism for restricting a torque that exceeds a predetermined torque from being input from an input torque transmitting member to a driving ring of the outer ring 3 and the inner ring 5 and an inverse torque that is input to a driven ring of the outer ring 3 and the inner ring 5 and exceeds the predetermined torque from being input to the input torque transmitting member. Treatment step for securing strength of constituent members of the clutch apparatus in manufacturing process can be simplified or omitted.

A tolerance ring includes a cylindrical main body, which has an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface, and a plurality of protuberances, which protrudes outward in a radial direction from the inner circumferential surface of the main body. The main body includes a recess that extends from an end of the main body to at least one of the protuberances and communicates with an inside of the at least one of the protuberances.

A tolerance ring including a sidewall including a plurality of radially extending projections on a first radial surface and an unformed region on a second radial surface opposite the first radial surface, where the tolerance ring provides a first break-away torque, τ.sub.1, defined as the breakaway torque between the tolerance ring projections and an inner component or an outer component, where the tolerance ring provides a second break-away torque, τ.sub.2, defined as the breakaway torque between the unformed region and the other of the inner component or the outer component, and wherein 1.1 τ.sub.2≤τ.sub.1.

A tolerance ring having a first axial end, a second axial end, and a central axis, the tolerance ring including an annular band; a plurality of protrusions, all of the plurality of protrusions extending from the annular band; and a guide portion extending from the annular band towards the first axial end of the tolerance ring, where the guide portion includes a guide surface that is curved in an axial section.

A vehicle drive apparatus includes: a sleeve including a first peripheral surface provided side by side with a spline; a connecting member including a groove provided side by side with a spline in spline engagement with the spline, recessed radially relative to the first peripheral surface, and including a bottom surface that serves as a second peripheral surface facing the first peripheral surface; and a tolerance ring disposed in the groove so as to exert a radial elastic force between the sleeve and the connecting member.