Land vehicles and methods of operating land vehicles are disclosed. A land vehicle includes a frame structure, a plurality of wheels, and a brake system. The frame structure includes a front cage that at least partially defines an operator cabin and a rear compartment positioned rearward of the front cage in a longitudinal direction. The plurality of wheels are supported by the frame structure. Each of plurality of wheels is sized to permit direct integration of an electric motor therein.

In one aspect, a wheel hub apparatus including a wheel hub that is rotatable about a central axis and has a unitary, one-piece construction. The wheel hub apparatus further includes a circular brake element having a unitary, one-piece construction and extending about the wheel hub. The wheel hub and the circular brake element include engaged portions securing the wheel hub and the circular brake element together. The engaged portions of the wheel hub and the circular brake element fix the circular brake element against axial movement along the wheel hub. In this manner, the engaged portions of the wheel hub and the circular brake element provide a mechanical joint that connects the wheel hub and the circular brake element using the material of the wheel hub and the circular brake element.

Land vehicles and methods of operating land vehicles are disclosed. A land vehicle includes a frame structure, a plurality of wheels, and a brake system. The frame structure includes a front cage that at least partially defines an operator cabin and a rear compartment positioned rearward of the front cage in a longitudinal direction. The plurality of wheels are supported by the frame structure. Each of plurality of wheels is sized to permit direct integration of an electric motor therein.