Disclosed are nutritional compositions including human milk oligosaccharides that can be administered to individuals including preterm infants, infants, toddlers, and children for improving gastrointestinal function and tolerance, as well as the growth of beneficial bacteria. Additional suitable methods of using the nutritional compositions including the human milk oligosaccharides are also disclosed.

There is provided a composition including parietal polysaccharides from at least one Candida species and parietal polysaccharides from at least one different yeast species. The composition can be used in modulating and/or stimulating immune responses in animal or human.

There is provided a composition including parietal polysaccharides from at least one Candida species and parietal polysaccharides from at least one different yeast species. The composition can be used in modulating and/or stimulating immune responses in animal or human.

Disclosed are nutritional compositions including human milk oligosaccharides in combination with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or carotenoids that can be administered to preterm infants, term infants, toddlers, and children for reducing inflammation and the incidence of inflammatory diseases.

Disclosed are nutritional compositions including human milk oligosaccharides in combination with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or carotenoids that can be administered to preterm infants, term infants, toddlers, and children for reducing inflammation and the incidence of inflammatory diseases.

The invention provides compositions and methods for utilizing oligosaccharides, such as isolated human milk oligosaccharides, to attenuate a respiratory pathogen infection-induced host inflammation and/or to promote recovery from a respiratory pathogen infection-induced host inflammation in a subject.

The invention provides compositions and methods for utilizing oligosaccharides, such as isolated human milk oligosaccharides, to attenuate a respiratory pathogen infection-induced host inflammation and/or to promote recovery from a respiratory pathogen infection-induced host inflammation in a subject.

Compositions comprising polysaccharides and oligosaccharides are provided. Methods for the formation of the compositions, including the enzymatic production of the oligosaccharides, and the uses of the compositions in foodstuffs, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals are also provided.

The disclosure discloses application of breast milk-derived Lactobacillus reuteri in regulating the maternal and infant immune function, belonging to the fields of microbiological technology and food science. The disclosure provides the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri Fn041 in enhancing the immunity of pregnant or lactating women and infants, i.e., enhancing the mucosal barrier, promoting the production of intestinal antibacterial peptides and IgA, promoting the development of the immune system of infants, preventing pathogen infection and reducing the incidence of allergic diseases.

The disclosure discloses application of breast milk-derived Lactobacillus reuteri in regulating the maternal and infant immune function, belonging to the fields of microbiological technology and food science. The disclosure provides the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri Fn041 in enhancing the immunity of pregnant or lactating women and infants, i.e., enhancing the mucosal barrier, promoting the production of intestinal antibacterial peptides and IgA, promoting the development of the immune system of infants, preventing pathogen infection and reducing the incidence of allergic diseases.