A central valve for a camshaft adjuster, and to an internal combustion engine, which includes a camshaft, a camshaft-adjusting device, and a central valve. The central valve includes a shaped part as a valve housing (3), including a control piston (4) guided coaxially within the valve housing (3) in such a way that the control piston can move axially and including a stop, which limits the mobility of the control piston in an axial direction (piston stop). The piston stop is a piston stop washer (5), wherein the piston stop washer and the valve housing (3) are joined.

An example spool includes a shaft varying in diameter along a length of the shaft, and a plurality of annular lands formed on the shaft and spaced-apart by respective reduced diameter annular neck portions. The plurality of annular lands comprise at least one annular metering land, and wherein the at least one annular metering land comprises: one or more sine notches formed as a portion of a sine wave, and one or more additional notches having a different shape from the one or more sine notches.

A four-position switching valve includes first and second pistons for driving a spool in a valve body, and a spool moving mechanism part that moves the spool to first and second intermediate switching positions between one-end side and the other-end-side switching positions. The spool moving mechanism part includes a compression spring that moves the spool back in the opposite direction by moving to the switching position on one end side and the other end side of the spool. The compression spring moves the spool to the first intermediate switching position when the spool moves to one-end-side switching position and the pressure on the second piston is released, and moves the spool to the second intermediate switching position when the spool moves to the other-end-side switching position and the pressure on the first piston is released.

A four-position switching valve includes first and second pistons for driving a spool in a valve body, and a spool moving mechanism part that moves the spool to first and second intermediate switching positions between one-end side and the other-end-side switching positions. The spool moving mechanism part includes a compression spring that moves the spool back in the opposite direction by moving to the switching position on one end side and the other end side of the spool. The compression spring moves the spool to the first intermediate switching position when the spool moves to one-end-side switching position and the pressure on the second piston is released, and moves the spool to the second intermediate switching position when the spool moves to the other-end-side switching position and the pressure on the first piston is released.

A flow control valve for a construction machine includes a boom valve block connected lo a hydraulic pump; a boom spool coupled to the boom valve block so as to be slidably moved, and switched on by the supply of pilot signal pressure in order to carry out a boom-up or boom-down operation, thereby controlling the hydraulic oil supplied from the hydraulic pump to a boom cylinder; a boom-up flow control arrangement for supplying the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump to the large chamber of the boom cylinder through the boom spool, when switching on the boom spool in order to carry out the boom-up operation; and a boom-down flow control arrangement for returning a part of the hydraulic oil, which returns from the large chamber of the boom cylinder, to the hydraulic tank through the boom spool only at a predetermined pressure or higher, when the boom spool is switched on in order to carry out the boom-down operation, wherein the part of the hydraulic oil, which returns from the large chamber of the boom cylinder, is directly returned to the hydraulic tank through the boom spool, and the part of the hydraulic oil, which returns from the large chamber of the boom cylinder, is made to join, as regeneration flow, the small chamber side of the boom cylinder.

A flow control valve for a construction machine includes a boom valve block connected lo a hydraulic pump; a boom spool coupled to the boom valve block so as to be slidably moved, and switched on by the supply of pilot signal pressure in order to carry out a boom-up or boom-down operation, thereby controlling the hydraulic oil supplied from the hydraulic pump to a boom cylinder; a boom-up flow control arrangement for supplying the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump to the large chamber of the boom cylinder through the boom spool, when switching on the boom spool in order to carry out the boom-up operation; and a boom-down flow control arrangement for returning a part of the hydraulic oil, which returns from the large chamber of the boom cylinder, to the hydraulic tank through the boom spool only at a predetermined pressure or higher, when the boom spool is switched on in order to carry out the boom-down operation, wherein the part of the hydraulic oil, which returns from the large chamber of the boom cylinder, is directly returned to the hydraulic tank through the boom spool, and the part of the hydraulic oil, which returns from the large chamber of the boom cylinder, is made to join, as regeneration flow, the small chamber side of the boom cylinder.

An example valve includes: a pressure compensation spool configured to be subjected to a first fluid force of fluid received at a first port acting in a proximal direction; a pressure compensation spring disposed in a pressure compensation chamber and applying a biasing force on the pressure compensation spool in a distal direction; a turbine configured to rotate as fluid flows through the valve; and a flow area configured to throttle fluid flow from the first port to the pressure compensation chamber, wherein fluid in the pressure compensation chamber applies a second fluid force on the pressure compensation spool in the distal direction, such that the pressure compensation spool moves to a particular axial position based on force equilibrium between the first fluid force, the second fluid force, and the biasing force to throttle fluid flow from the pressure compensation chamber to a second port.

An example valve includes: a pressure compensation spool configured to be subjected to a first fluid force of fluid received at a first port acting in a proximal direction; a pressure compensation spring disposed in a pressure compensation chamber and applying a biasing force on the pressure compensation spool in a distal direction; a turbine configured to rotate as fluid flows through the valve; and a flow area configured to throttle fluid flow from the first port to the pressure compensation chamber, wherein fluid in the pressure compensation chamber applies a second fluid force on the pressure compensation spool in the distal direction, such that the pressure compensation spool moves to a particular axial position based on force equilibrium between the first fluid force, the second fluid force, and the biasing force to throttle fluid flow from the pressure compensation chamber to a second port.

A control valve has a housing, which has a first bore in which a control spool is accommodated in such a way as to be movable along a longitudinal axis. The control spool defines first and second orifices which are adjustable. First and second reference planes are each oriented perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis, wherein the first reference plane is defined by a first control edge, more specifically in the position of the control spool in which the first orifice is just closed, wherein the second reference plane is defined by a second control edge, more specifically in the position of the control spool in which the second orifice is just closed. At least one radial recess different from the second bore is provided in the first bore between the first and the second reference plane in the direction of the longitudinal axis.

A control valve has a housing, which has a first bore in which a control spool is accommodated in such a way as to be movable along a longitudinal axis. The control spool defines first and second orifices which are adjustable. First and second reference planes are each oriented perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis, wherein the first reference plane is defined by a first control edge, more specifically in the position of the control spool in which the first orifice is just closed, wherein the second reference plane is defined by a second control edge, more specifically in the position of the control spool in which the second orifice is just closed. At least one radial recess different from the second bore is provided in the first bore between the first and the second reference plane in the direction of the longitudinal axis.