A nutritional supplement composition is formulated for oral administration and enhances cognitive function. It includes huperzine A, Ginkgo biloba, and acetyl-L-carnitine. The huperzine A, acetyl-L-carnitine, and Ginkgo biloba together account for at least 80 wt % of a dosage unit of the composition. The Ginkgo biloba is about 5.0% to about 12.0%, by weight of the huperzine A, acetyl-L-carnitine and Ginkgo biloba. The Ginkgo biloba and acetyl-L-carnitine are in a ratio of y:z respectively, wherein y is between about 690 and 1,030 for Ginkgo biloba and z is between about 8,000 and 12,000 for acetyl-L-carnitine.

A nutritional supplement composition is formulated for oral administration and enhances cognitive function. It includes huperzine A, Ginkgo biloba, and acetyl-L-carnitine. The huperzine A, acetyl-L-carnitine, and Ginkgo biloba together account for at least 80 wt % of a dosage unit of the composition. The Ginkgo biloba is about 5.0% to about 12.0%, by weight of the huperzine A, acetyl-L-carnitine and Ginkgo biloba. The Ginkgo biloba and acetyl-L-carnitine are in a ratio of y:z respectively, wherein y is between about 690 and 1,030 for Ginkgo biloba and z is between about 8,000 and 12,000 for acetyl-L-carnitine.

A nutritional supplement composition for enhancing cognitive function includes Ginkgo biloba, rhodiola, acetyl-L-carnitine and huperzine A. The Ginkgo biloba, rhodiola and acetyl-L-carnitine are in a ratio a:b:c respectively such that a as the Ginkgo biloba is between about 690 and 1030, b as the rhodiola is between about 1,700 and 2,600 and c as the acetyl-L-carnitine is between about 8,000 and 12,000. The composition is formulated for oral administration and the Ginkgo biloba, rhodiola, acetyl-L-carnitine and huperzine A together account for at least 80 wt % of a dosage unit of the nutritional supplement composition.

A nutritional supplement composition for enhancing cognitive function includes Ginkgo biloba, rhodiola, acetyl-L-carnitine and huperzine A. The Ginkgo biloba, rhodiola and acetyl-L-carnitine are in a ratio a:b:c respectively such that a as the Ginkgo biloba is between about 690 and 1030, b as the rhodiola is between about 1,700 and 2,600 and c as the acetyl-L-carnitine is between about 8,000 and 12,000. The composition is formulated for oral administration and the Ginkgo biloba, rhodiola, acetyl-L-carnitine and huperzine A together account for at least 80 wt % of a dosage unit of the nutritional supplement composition.

An oral controlled-release multiparticulate dosage form comprises a plurality of individually enteric coated particulates containing an L-carnitine that independently disperse in a patient's stomach after oral ingestion and travel through the stomach and past the pyloric sphincter without substantially releasing the L-carnitine in the stomach. The individual particulates contain (a) a solid core containing the L-carnitine, (b) a subcoating containing a cellulosic water soluble polymer over the core, and (c) an enteric coating over the subcoating. The dosage form may be used to treat conditions associated with a reduction of the amount of L-carnitine in the body.

An oral controlled-release multiparticulate dosage form comprises a plurality of individually enteric coated particulates containing an L-carnitine that independently disperse in a patient's stomach after oral ingestion and travel through the stomach and past the pyloric sphincter without substantially releasing the L-carnitine in the stomach. The individual particulates contain (a) a solid core containing the L-carnitine, (b) a subcoating containing a cellulosic water soluble polymer over the core, and (c) an enteric coating over the subcoating. The dosage form may be used to treat conditions associated with a reduction of the amount of L-carnitine in the body.

Compositions comprising L-carnitine or a salt thereof, acetyl L-carnitine or a salt thereof, vitamin B9 (folic Acid), vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), arginine, vitamin C, vitamin E (-Tocopherol), selenium, zinc, copper, iron, vitamin D and N-acetyl cysteine, and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients are provided. Dietary supplements comprising these compositions are also provided.

Compositions comprising L-carnitine or a salt thereof, acetyl L-carnitine or a salt thereof, vitamin B9 (folic Acid), vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), arginine, vitamin C, vitamin E (-Tocopherol), selenium, zinc, copper, iron, vitamin D and N-acetyl cysteine, and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients are provided. Dietary supplements comprising these compositions are also provided.

A nootropic combination for increasing cognitive functioning. The combination includes a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor and a cyclic adenosine monophosphate increasing agent. In some versions, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor is a flavonoid such as luteolin, and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate increasing agent is a labdane diterpene such as forskolin. The combination can also include one or a combination of L-phenylalanine, L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, and vitamin B6. In some versions, plant extracts, such as artichoke extract can be used as a source of the PDE4 inhibitor. Methods of using the combination to increase cognitive functioning are also included.

A nootropic combination for increasing cognitive functioning. The combination includes a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor and a cyclic adenosine monophosphate increasing agent. In some versions, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor is a flavonoid such as luteolin, and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate increasing agent is a labdane diterpene such as forskolin. The combination can also include one or a combination of L-phenylalanine, L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, and vitamin B6. In some versions, plant extracts, such as artichoke extract can be used as a source of the PDE4 inhibitor. Methods of using the combination to increase cognitive functioning are also included.