The present invention relates to an amino acid composition comprising threonine, serine, proline, leucine, and cysteine for use in preventing and/or reducing glutamine deficiency and/or arginine deficiency in a subject. The present invention also relates to an enteral nutritional composition comprising threonine, serine, proline, leucine, and cysteine and a method for producing the same.

The present invention relates to an amino acid composition comprising threonine, serine, proline, leucine, and cysteine for use in improving liver function in a subject. The present invention also relates to an enteral nutritional composition comprising threonine, serine, proline, leucine, and cysteine and a method for producing the same.

The present invention relates to an amino acid composition comprising threonine, serine, proline, leucine, and cysteine for use in improving liver function in a subject. The present invention also relates to an enteral nutritional composition comprising threonine, serine, proline, leucine, and cysteine and a method for producing the same.

The invention provides a food supplement comprising chromium and the five amino acids leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine and lysine, wherein leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine and lysine are the only amino acids present in the food supplement, and wherein the sum content of the five amino acids is from 1.75 to 3.5 g per dose of the food supplement, and wherein the content of chromium is from 4.5 to 61 g per dose of the food supplement. A food composition comprising the food supplement, as well as the five amino acids for use in a method of treating, controlling or preventing diseases or conditions related to the metabolic syndrome, treating or controlling diabetes, treating, controlling or preventing obesity, promoting satiety, promoting weight loss, or promoting maintenance of a healthy bodyweight, by lowering postprandial glycaemia, and preferably also by lowering postprandial insulin secretion, are also provided.

The invention provides a food supplement comprising chromium and the five amino acids leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine and lysine, wherein leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine and lysine are the only amino acids present in the food supplement, and wherein the sum content of the five amino acids is from 1.75 to 3.5 g per dose of the food supplement, and wherein the content of chromium is from 4.5 to 61 g per dose of the food supplement. A food composition comprising the food supplement, as well as the five amino acids for use in a method of treating, controlling or preventing diseases or conditions related to the metabolic syndrome, treating or controlling diabetes, treating, controlling or preventing obesity, promoting satiety, promoting weight loss, or promoting maintenance of a healthy bodyweight, by lowering postprandial glycaemia, and preferably also by lowering postprandial insulin secretion, are also provided.

Zeaxanthin is ingested orally at suitable dosages that gives skin a darker tint that emulates a healthy suntan and that reduces the severity of unwanted skin discoloration or irregularities. In tests involving adults, it was found that zeaxanthin dosages of 30 to about 80 mg per day were sufficient to induce a mild but noticeable tinting, shading, or darkening of skin color, comparable to a mild suntan, a substantial increase in the person's ability to withstand elevated levels of sun or UV exposure without any subsequent pain or discomfort, and without the subsequent peeling and flaking that characterizes sunburns, and an increased ability of reddened and sunburned skin to convert into intact skin that looks browned and healthily tanned. The topical application of zeaxanthin can further enhance the darkening of the skin and reduce the severity of unwanted skin discoloration or irregularities.

Zeaxanthin is ingested orally at suitable dosages that gives skin a darker tint that emulates a healthy suntan and that reduces the severity of unwanted skin discoloration or irregularities. In tests involving adults, it was found that zeaxanthin dosages of 30 to about 80 mg per day were sufficient to induce a mild but noticeable tinting, shading, or darkening of skin color, comparable to a mild suntan, a substantial increase in the person's ability to withstand elevated levels of sun or UV exposure without any subsequent pain or discomfort, and without the subsequent peeling and flaking that characterizes sunburns, and an increased ability of reddened and sunburned skin to convert into intact skin that looks browned and healthily tanned. The topical application of zeaxanthin can further enhance the darkening of the skin and reduce the severity of unwanted skin discoloration or irregularities.

The present invention is based on the finding that free amino acids can both negatively or positively influence overall taste of free amino acid-based enteral nutritional compositions, and the amino acids can thus be categorized. A striking balance of both categories of amino acids to arrive at amino acid-based nutritional composition with improved taste, yet not compromising the (regulatory) dietary restrictions on essential amino acids and conditionally essential amino acids.

The present invention is based on the finding that free amino acids can both negatively or positively influence overall taste of free amino acid-based enteral nutritional compositions, and the amino acids can thus be categorized. A striking balance of both categories of amino acids to arrive at amino acid-based nutritional composition with improved taste, yet not compromising the (regulatory) dietary restrictions on essential amino acids and conditionally essential amino acids.

Compositions are provided comprising a balance between lysine and essential amino acids and metabolizable energy. The compositions are useful in methods to prevent or treat obesity in an animal without concomitant loss of lean muscle mass. The compositions may also be used in methods to preserve or to cause a gain in lean muscle mass in an animal in need thereof.