A hydraulic compressed air energy storage system includes air and liquid tanks, each of which includes interdependent volumes of liquid and air. Each tank includes dedicated passages through which incoming air may be fed, forcing outflow of liquid, or incoming liquid may be fed, forcing outflow of air. Compressed air tanks are connected to a first group of the air and liquid tanks. The system further includes a pump and a liquid turbine, the liquid turbine being electrically connected to a generator for generating electric power. During charging of the system, liquid is pumped through the first group of air and liquid tanks, and air is expelled from the first group of air and liquid tanks and compressed in the compressed air tanks. During discharging of the system, compressed air is released from the compressed air tanks, and said compressed air pumps liquid through the liquid turbine, thereby generating electricity.

A cooled-hydrogen supply station includes: a first coolant passage through which a first coolant circulates; a water-cooled refrigerator unit disposed on a part of the first coolant passage to cool the first coolant; a second coolant passage through which a second coolant flows; a first heat exchanger for cooling the second coolant by the first coolant, between another part of the first coolant passage and a part of the second coolant passage; a hydrogen storage unit; a hydrogen passage for transporting hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage unit; and a second heat exchanger for cooling the hydrogen by the second coolant, between another part of the second coolant passage and a part of the hydrogen passage. The hydrogen is cooled down to a temperature of 43 C. to 20 C. by the second heat exchanger, and a hydrogen cooling power for cooling hydrogen to 40 C. is between 13.5 kW and 16.5 kW.

A portable gas source (PGS) comprising a compressor, a cooling fan, and at least one storage tank in fluid communication with the compressor for storing compressed gas. The PGS further comprises at least one valve which is fluidly connected to the storage tank and is selectively movable between a closed and open positions. An evaporation pad assembly of the PGS is placeable into fluid communication with the storage tank when the valve is actuated to the open position. The evaporation pad assembly comprise a feed ring defining an outlet port which is fluidly connected to the valve such than an open path of fluid communication between the outlet port and the storage tank is established when the valve is actuated to the open position. The evaporation pad assembly also includes at least one evaporation pad which is positioned relative to the feed ring to operatively absorb fluid flowing from the outlet port. In the PGS, the compressor, the cooling fan, and the evaporation pad assembly are positioned relative to each other such that air circulated by the cooling fan passes over both the compressor and the evaporation pad assembly to cool the compressor and simultaneously facilitate moisture evaporation from the evaporation pad.

The present invention provides an integrated hydrogen production and charging system, including a hydrogen generator, a compressor, a heat exchanger, a pressure swing adsorption device, a vacuum pump, and a hydrogen charger. The hydrogen generator generates hydrogen by methanol reforming. The hydrogen generator makes the generated hydrogen pass through a palladium membrane purification device in the hydrogen generator for a first purification. The compressor compresses the hydrogen from the hydrogen generator. The heat exchanger, connected to the compressor, cools down the compressed hydrogen. The pressure swing adsorption device, connected to the heat exchanger, performs a second purification on the cooled down hydrogen by adsorption. The vacuum pump, connected to the pressure swing adsorption device, depressurizes the pressure swing adsorption device during desorption. The hydrogen charger charges the hydrogen from the pressure swing adsorption device into one or more metal alloy hydrogen storage tanks.

A compression system and method for compression of a gas having a temperature greater than an underground soil temperature within the earth is described. The system includes a gas compressing vessel arranged underground within the earth. The gas compressing vessel has thermally conductive walls with a circular cross-section of an inner side. An outer side of the walls is surrounded by a layer of a thermally conductive material, so as to maintain the compressed gas within the gas compressing vessel at a temperature of the soil during air compression and storage. The system also includes a water supply vessel arranged underground within the earth and a water pressurization system arranged on a pressurized water pipeline connecting the water supply vessel to the gas compressing vessel. The system also includes a water flow distributor arranged within the gas compressing vessel including at least one nozzle configured to direct a stream of the water pumped into the gas compressing vessel along the inner side of the thermally conductive in the direction where the inner side has the circular cross-section.

A gas storage system capable of maintaining stable pressure in a pressurized storage tank, includes a pressure-stabilized gas storage tank and a pressure-stabilizing medium charging and discharging system connected to the pressure-stabilized gas storage tank. The pressure-stabilized gas storage tank includes a pressure-bearing shell capable of bearing a pressure of a storage gas, an elastic liner arranged in the pressure-bearing shell, and a support device for the elastic liner. A pressure-stabilizing medium may be a liquid medium, and a volume of the storage tank is adjusted by charging through pressurizing with a pump or by automatic discharging. The pressure-stabilizing medium may also be a low-boiling-point phase-changeable medium under an operating pressure, and evaporation-condensation of the pressure-stabilizing medium is automatically adjusted according to a variation in a volume of a stored gas by using a matched evaporation-condensation system.

Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture to produce cryo-compressed hydrogen are disclosed. An example cryo-compressed hydrogen production system includes a compressor to compress an input of hydrogen, at least one heat exchanger to cool the hydrogen, and a conduit to convey the hydrogen at least partially to a storage tank for storage at a temperature less than or equal to a first threshold and greater than a second threshold, the first threshold defined by an upper temperature limit for cryo-compressed hydrogen, the second threshold defined by a hydrogen liquefaction temperature.

Proposed is an apparatus for supplying hydrogen to various mobility products using hydrogen as fuel, that is, a hydrogen station. An integrated and mobile automatic hydrogen station achieves miniaturization by increasing space efficiency by adopting a structure that can supply high-pressure hydrogen directly from a hydrogen generating source without having a hydrogen storage tank so as to facilitate movement to sites operating hydrogen-fueled mobility products and ensure the airtightness of a gas supply path at the same time, and measures physical state variables such as pressure and temperature of gas being supplied in real time and automatically controls a supply process on the basis of the measurement so as to increase gas filling efficiency while improving safety and user convenience of a filling process.