An evaporative cooling system includes an evaporative cooler liquid-to-air membrane energy exchanger (LAMEE), a first liquid-to-air heat exchanger (LAHE), and a cooling fluid circuit. The evaporative cooler LAMEE is disposed within a scavenger air plenum that is configured to channel a scavenger air stream. The first LAHE is disposed within a process air plenum that is configured to channel a process air stream. The cooling fluid circuit is configured to circulate an evaporative cooling fluid between the evaporative cooler LAMEE and the first LAHE. The evaporative cooler LAMEE is configured to utilize the scavenger air stream to evaporatively cool the cooling fluid. The first LAHE is configured to receive the cooling fluid from the evaporative cooler LAMEE and to allow the cooling fluid to absorb heat from the process air stream to cool the process air stream.

An evaporative cooling system includes an evaporative cooler liquid-to-air membrane energy exchanger (LAMEE), a first liquid-to-air heat exchanger (LAHE), and a cooling fluid circuit. The evaporative cooler LAMEE is disposed within a scavenger air plenum that is configured to channel a scavenger air stream. The first LAHE is disposed within a process air plenum that is configured to channel a process air stream. The cooling fluid circuit is configured to circulate an evaporative cooling fluid between the evaporative cooler LAMEE and the first LAHE. The evaporative cooler LAMEE is configured to utilize the scavenger air stream to evaporatively cool the cooling fluid. The first LAHE is configured to receive the cooling fluid from the evaporative cooler LAMEE and to allow the cooling fluid to absorb heat from the process air stream to cool the process air stream.

An evaporative cooling system includes an evaporative cooler liquid-to-air membrane energy exchanger (LAMEE), a first liquid-to-air heat exchanger (LAHE), and a cooling fluid circuit. The evaporative cooler LAMEE is disposed within a scavenger air plenum that is configured to channel a scavenger air stream. The first LAHE is disposed within a process air plenum that is configured to channel a process air stream. The cooling fluid circuit is configured to circulate an evaporative cooling fluid between the evaporative cooler LAMEE and the first LAHE. The evaporative cooler LAMEE is configured to utilize the scavenger air stream to evaporatively cool the cooling fluid. The first LAHE is configured to receive the cooling fluid from the evaporative cooler LAMEE and to allow the cooling fluid to absorb heat from the process air stream to cool the process air stream.

Provided is a humidity conditioning method that enables absorption and desorption of moisture with low power consumption. The humidity conditioning method includes: an adjustment step of adjusting a moisture amount of hygroscopic liquid; and a measurement step of measuring concentration of a hygroscopic substance contained in the hygroscopic liquid, in which at the adjustment step, at least either moisture absorption processing of causing moisture contained in air to be absorbed by the hygroscopic liquid or regeneration processing of separating the moisture from the hygroscopic liquid is performed, the regeneration processing includes atomization processing of irradiating at least a part of the hygroscopic liquid with an ultrasonic wave to generate an atomized droplet from the hygroscopic liquid and perform removal, the atomized droplet contains a first droplet and a second droplet whose particle size is larger than a particle size of the first droplet, a concentration region of the hygroscopic substance relative to total mass of the hygroscopic liquid includes a first concentration region in which the first droplet is generated, and a second concentration region in which the second droplet is generated and in which concentration is lower than that in the first concentration region, and the moisture amount of the hygroscopic liquid is adjusted so that the concentration is included in the first concentration region on a basis of a measurement result obtained in at least the measurement step.

Provided is a humidity control device capable of stably absorbing and desorbing moisture. The humidity control device includes: a moisture absorber causing a hygroscopic material to come into contact with air so that the hygroscopic material absorbs portion of moisture contained in the air, the hygroscopic material being in liquid and containing water, polyalcohol having hygroscopicity, and metal salt having hygroscopicity; and a composition controller controlling composition of the hygroscopic material. The composition controller controls the composition of the hygroscopic material to be within a range in which the hygroscopic material is capable of absorbing the moisture while the metal salt is kept from being deposited.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include an air handling module. The air handling module may comprise an exchanger within a housing, a first manifold positioned on a first side of the housing and including a first pair of ports on a first end and a second pair of ports on a second end, and a second manifold positioned on a second side of the housing and including a first pair of ports on a first end and a second pair of ports on a second end. The first pairs of ports may be in fluid communication to transfer air through the exchanger and between the first and second manifolds, and the second pairs of ports may be in fluid communication to transfer air through the exchanger and between the first and second manifolds.

A system comprises an electrochemical liquid desiccant regeneration system, a first air contactor, and a second air contactor. The regeneration system comprises a first output stream having a first concentration of liquid desiccant and a second output stream having a second, lower concentration. The first air contactor disposes a first input air stream having a first water concentration in fluid communication with the first output stream to form a first output air stream having a second, lower water concentration and a diluted output stream, which is circulated back into the regeneration system. The second air contactor disposes a second input air stream having a third water concentration in fluid communication with the liquid desiccant output stream to form a second output air stream having a fourth water concentration higher than the third water concentration and a concentrated output stream, which is circulated back into the regeneration system.

An electrochemical device comprises a first type of membrane disposed between first and second reservoirs containing an input solution, and a second type of membrane, different from the first type, is disposed between a first redox-active electrolyte chamber and the first reservoir and disposed between a second redox-active electrolyte chamber and the second reservoir. The first type of membrane and one of the second type of membranes form a membrane pair and the pair has an area specific resistance below y=5065.3x.sup.3−1331.1x.sup.2+90.035x+39 Ohm cm.sup.2 when the pair is equilibrated in an electrolyte and for at least part of a range where 0<x<0.4 and x is the mass fraction of salt in the electrolyte.

A heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system includes first and second fluids, a heat exchanger, a refrigerant sub-system, and at least one closed loop sub-system. The heat exchanger includes a membrane for channeling the first fluid through the heat exchanger and is disposed for heat transfer between the first fluid and the second fluid. The membrane defines an inlet having an inlet height relative to grade. The closed loop sub-system transfers heat from the heat exchanger to the refrigerant sub-system and includes an expansion tank containing the first fluid. A level of the first fluid within the expansion tank has a level height relative to grade. The expansion tank is positioned relative to the heat exchanger such that the inlet height is greater than the level height and the membrane is maintained in a collapsed configuration.

A system comprises a liquid desiccant regeneration system, a first air contactor stage, and a second air contactor stage. The regeneration system has a first stage with a first concentration output and first diluted output, and a second stage with a second concentration output, different from the first concentration output, and a second diluted output. The first air contactor stage is coupled to the first concentrated output to form a first output air stream having a reduced water content and a first diluted air contactor output. The second air contactor stage is coupled to the second concentrated output to form a second output air stream having a reduced water content and a second diluted air contactor output. Both diluted air contactor outputs are recirculated into the regeneration system, and the output air streams are combined.