A refrigerant management system controls the supply of refrigerant from two or more variable speed and fixed speed compressors to a plurality of cryogenic refrigerators. The system employs a plurality of sensors to monitor and regulate the overall refrigerant supply to deliver an appropriate refrigerant supply to each of the cryogenic refrigerators. The amount of refrigerant to supply is based on an aggregate demand for refrigerant from the plurality of cryogenic refrigerators and a refrigerant correction metric. An appropriate supply of refrigerant is distributed to each cryogenic refrigerator by adjusting the speed of the variable speed compressors or, alternatively, selectively turning the compressors on or off. The speed of the variable speed compressors is adjusted by determining an amount of refrigerant to supply to the plurality of cryogenic refrigerators. If the aggregate demand for refrigerant exceeds the capacity of the compressors, then the speed of a refrigerator within the plurality of refrigerators is adjusted.

A dual-mode LNG liquefier arrangement that is configurable to operate in a first mode broadly characterized as a low pressure, liquid nitrogen add LNG liquefier without turbo-expansion or a second mode broadly characterized as a low pressure, liquid nitrogen add LNG liquefier with turbo-expansion.

Disclosed is a liquefied natural gas production train, comprising at least one integrated process unit having a structural frame forming multiple process equipment floors. The at least one integrated process unit extends in vertical direction, wherein a height of the at least one integrated process unit is substantially equal to or larger than a width and a length of the at least one integrated process unit. The disclosure also provides a method of producing liquefied natural gas, using the LNG production train.

A system for the production of liquefied natural gas from raw natural gas. The system includes a pre-treatment module to remove impurities from a raw natural gas input, a gas compression module to compress gas received from the pre-treatment module, an absorption chiller for providing gas equipment cooling in the compression module, and a gas liquefaction module including a gas pre-cooler configured to pre-cool gas received from the compression module using a closed-loop refrigeration cycle and a six-stream heat exchanger unit configured to cool gas received from the gas pre-cooler. A power module is provided that powers the pre-treatment module, gas compression module, and gas liquefaction module.

An LNG production plant is constructed from a plurality of containerised LNG liquefaction units. Each containerised LNG liquefaction unit can produce a predetermined quantity of LNG. For example, up to 0.3 MPTA. A manifold system enables connection between the plurality of containerised LNG liquefaction units, and at least a feed stream of natural gas, a source of electrical power, and an LNG storage facility. The production capacity of the plant is incrementally changed by connecting or disconnecting containerised LNG liquefaction units to or from the plant via the manifold system. Each unit contains its own liquefaction plant having a closed loop SMR circuit. Refrigerant within the SMR circuit is circulated solely by pressure differential generated by refrigerant compressors in the liquefaction plant.

Systems and methods are provided for adjusting a composition, pressure, and/or flow rate of a mixed refrigerant (MR) fluid in a liquefaction system to provide refrigeration to natural gas (NG) feedstock to produce liquefied natural gas (LNG). The MR fluid that is in circulation within a liquefaction system can include heavy components and light components. During LNG production, heavy components and/or light components of the MR fluid can be selectively removed from, and reintroduce into the MR fluid, thereby altering the composition of the remaining MR fluid in circulation. Adjusting the composition of the MR fluid in circulation within a liquefaction system can allow the system to be optimized to maximize efficiency, LNG production, and or profitability while the system is in operation.

A liquefied gas cooling apparatus including: a gas flow path for carrying a liquefied gas that is liquefied by cooling; and a refrigeration unit including a refrigerating cycle formed by an evaporator for cooling the liquefied gas flowing through the gas flow path, a compressor, a condenser, and a throttle expansion unit. The compressor is driven through an electric motor contained in a sealed housing together with a compressor mechanism.

A method of recycling liquefied natural gas (LNG) boil-off gas (BOG) in natural gas liquefaction plants can include: supplying a feed gas to a liquefaction subsystem; liquefying the feed gas to produce LNG and end-flash gas (EFG); compressing the EFG to compressed EFG; using the compressed EFG as fuel gas; storing the LNG in one or more LNG tanks; compressing LNG BOG from the one or more LNG tanks to produce compressed LNG BOG; and either (1) operating in a recycle mode by supplying at least a portion of the compressed LNG BOG to the feed gas via a bidirectional line, or (2) operating in a fuel mode by (a) supplying a portion of the feed gas to the fuel gas via the bidirectional line and (b) supplying the compressed LNG BOG to the fuel gas.

A method for large scale, air-cooled floating liquefaction, storage and offloading of natural gas gathered from onshore gas pipeline networks, where gas gathered from on-shore pipeline quality gas sources and pre-treated to remove unwanted compounds, is compressed and cooled onshore, before being piped to an offshore vessel for liquefaction to produce LNG, is described.

A marine vessel and method for carbon capture and sequestration are described. The marine vessel includes a buoyant hull, a cryogenic storage tank within the hull, and a gaseous carbon dioxide loading manifold. The marine vessel also includes a carbon dioxide liquefaction system in fluid communication with the cryogenic storage tank downstream of the carbon dioxide liquefaction system and with the gaseous carbon dioxide loading manifold upstream of the carbon dioxide liquefaction system. Finally, the marine vessel includes a carbon dioxide supercritical system in fluid communication with the cryogenic storage tank. In operation, the marine vessel moves between multiple locations, where gaseous carbon dioxide is onboarded, liquified and stored. Thereafter, the marine vessel transports the liquified carbon dioxide to a location adjacent an offshore geological reservoir. The liquefied carbon dioxide is then pressurized to produce supercritical carbon dioxide, which is then injected directly into the reservoir from the marine vessel.