The invention relates to a clay calcination plant for activating clay as feed material, which has a proportion of at least 40% of thermally activatable layered silicates. The plant comprises a rotary kiln with a kiln inlet and a kiln outlet, wherein feed material is thermally treated while being conveyed through the rotary kiln. In addition, a gas infeed is provided at the kiln outlet and a gas outfeed at the kiln inlet. Furthermore, the clay calcination plant has a mixing chamber for generating a temperature-homogeneous flow of calcination gas, with a burner for generating flue gas and a process gas infeed for the infeed of warm process gas being provided.

The present application discloses a pellet flue gas circulation and waste heat utilization process and a system thereof, which relates to the technical field of flue gas treatment. The system includes a grate, a rotary kiln, an annular cooler, and ducts connecting each part. On the basis of not changing the existing process a flue gas circulation unit and intelligent control equipment are arranged additionally in the present application. The process is simple, and not only can ensure the parameter stability of the production system such as temperature, gas flow or gas pressure, but also can make full use of the low and medium temperature flue gas components and the waste heat, so as to achieve net zero waste gas discharging, energy saving and emission reduction.

One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a rotary microwave apparatus including: a sintering body; a microwave-permeable cylindrical rotating tube located in the sintering body and configured to mix a powder raw material while rotating in a horizontal direction; and a microwave generator connected to the sintering body and configured to radiate microwaves to the cylindrical rotating tube, wherein the cylindrical rotating tube includes a stirring unit provided on an inner circumferential surface in a longitudinal direction, and configured to mix the powder raw material while being rotated by the cylindrical rotating tube.

The present disclosure provides, inter alia, an apparatus, system, and/or method for reducing fuel consumption (e.g., natural gas) in a rotary kiln. In some embodiments, reduced fuel consumption is achieved by injection of air from an air lance into a bed of calcining material in a kiln.

A method can include receiving an oxygenate sample, fractioning the oxygenate sample into one or more fractions, and separating the fractions (e.g. using FAME fractionation, FAEE fractionation, crystallization, solvent extraction, or other similar methods). The fractions can optionally be separated independently. The method can optionally include esterifying carboxylic acids separated from the fractions with glycerol and deodorizing the glycerides.